Arguments for and Against Business Ethics, - 11007 Words

SCHEME OF EXAMINATIONS FOR BBA (INDUSTRY INTEGRATED) PROGRAMME w.e.f. SESSION 2009-2010 (Under Public Private Parternership Scheme) FIRST YEAR 1st Semester Title of the Paper(s) Business Organization Business Communication Skills - Workshop Business Mathematics Computer Fundamentals and Applications Economic Policy and Analysis Financial Accounting Environment Management External Marks (Theory) 70 50 70 50 70 70 70 Internal Assessment Marks 30 50 30 30 30 30 Practical Marks 50 Total Marks 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Paper No. 101-II 102-II 103-II 104-II 105-II 106-II 107-II 2nd Semester Paper No. 201-II 202-II 203-II 204-II 205-II 206-II 207-II 208-II Title of the Paper(s) Macroeconomic Foundations Presentation Skills Workshop†¦show more content†¦Vasishth, Neeru, Business Organisation, Taxmann, New Delhi 2. Talloo, Thelma J., Business Organisational and Management, TMH, New Delhi NOTE: 1. The External Examiner will set 8 questions in the Question Paper selecting at least two questions from each unit. In case, a Case Study is included it will carry marks equivalent to two questions. 2. The candidates will be required to attempt five questions in all, selecting at least one question form each unit. External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Time: 3 hrs. BUSINESS COMMUNICAITON SKILLS – WORKSHOP Paper Code: 102-II UNIT-I Introduction: Basics of communication, seven Cs of effective communication, barriers to communication, ethical context of communication UNIT-II Business communication at workplace: Letter writing – component, layout and process, e-mail communication, bad news messages, persuasive written communication, memos, notice, agenda and minutes of meeting UNIT-III Report Writing: Types of business reports, structure of reports, short reports, long reports, abstracts and summaries, proposals UNIT-IV Communication skills: Reading skills, listening skills, note making, persuasive speaking, body language, gestures SUGGESTED READINGS: 1. Murphy, Herta A., Herbert W. Hildebrandt Jane P Thomas, Effective Business Communication, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi 2. Konera, Arun, Professional Communication, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi 3. McGrath, E.H., Basic Managerial Skills for All,Show MoreRelatedIs Business Bluffing Ethical?1141 Words   |  5 Pagesbecome part of busi ness. The topic of debate, however, is whether this dishonesty in business is ethical. According to Albert Carr in the article â€Å"Is Business Bluffing Ethical?†, bluffing is morally acceptable within the parameters of doing business. Carr argues that bluffing in business is closer to the strategic bluffing normally found in poker, than it is to bluffing in private life. (Carr paragraph 2) He uses a quote from Henry Taylor to describe bluffing in poker and business: â€Å"falsehood ceasesRead MoreArgument For Corporate Social Responsibility1082 Words   |  5 Pagesthat at that time, the emphasis is placed on business people’s social conscience, rather than on the company itself. Some argue that corporate entities do not have any social responsibility except the ones that were written in agreement with government while establishing corporate entities, whereas others justify that corporate entities do have social responsibility. The roots of critics of CSR are so old that it is a challenge to the neoclassical business model itself (Valor, 2005). According to SmithRead MoreArgument For Corporate Social Responsibility1082 Words   |  5 Pagesthat at that time, the emphasis is placed on business peopleâ₠¬â„¢s social conscience, rather than on the company itself. Some argue that corporate entities do not have any social responsibility except the ones that were written in agreement with government while establishing corporate entities, whereas others justify that corporate entities do have social responsibility. The roots of critics of CSR are so old that it is a challenge to the neoclassical business model itself (Valor, 2005). According to SmithRead MoreSweatshops : Positive Deviancy And Global Labour Practices And The Ethical And Economic Case Against Sweatshop Labor1675 Words   |  7 Pagesand The Ethical and Economic Case Against Sweatshop Labor: A Critical Assessment. The former was authored in July 2005 by Denis Arnold and Laura Hartman. The latter was written in September 2011 by Benjamin Powell and Matt Zwolinski. The authors of both works are undeniably qualified and are experts in their respective fields. The credibility of both Beyond Sweatshops: Positive Deviancy and Global Labour Practices and The Ethical and Economic Case Against Sweatshop Labor: A Critical AssessmentRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1195 Words   |  5 Pagesand its stakeholders. CSR is related, but not identical to, business ethics. CSR encompasses the economic, legal and ethical responsibilities of the organization and on the other side, business ethics usually force more on the moral judgments and behavior of individuals and groups of organizations. In 1960s and 1970s there were civil rights movements like consumerism and environmentalism, the affected society’s expectations of business. However a growing number of writers have recognized that theRead MoreApple And Corporate Social Responsibility1629 Words   |  7 Pagesworkers have committed suicide and many riots and fights have broken out. The main moral issue in this case study is whether Apple is responsible for the mis-treatment of Foxconn Employees. In this paper, I will use the moral theories of rights-based ethics, moral relativism, and moral universalism as well ethical views from well-known authors Jacobsen and Friedman to explore where Apple s moral responsibilities should lie. There is no doubt that the conditions at Foxconn are unfortunate, and oughtRead MoreThe Travel Expense Billing Controversy1411 Words   |  6 Pagescompany itself against its customers, its employees and all others who may are concerned from company. Also you have to distinguish between descriptive and normative ethics. â€Å"Descriptive ethics is concerned with describing, characterizing, and studying the morality of a people, an organization, a culture, or a society. [†¦] It focuses on â€Å"what is† the prevailing set of ethical standards in the business community, specific organizations, or on the part of specific mana gers. [†¦] Normative ethics is concernedRead MoreEthical Principles Of The Word Ethics1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy states that the word ethics is commonly used interchangeably with morality ... and sometimes it is used more narrowly to mean the moral principles of a particular tradition, group or individual (Deigh, 1995). Since we were kids and we began to realize what was around us, our parents and grandparents have taught us the basic knowledge of what is good and what is bad. It is indeed an inherent characteristic of all human being and grows from our desires toRead MoreIs Corporate Social Responsibility a Way to Cover Exorbitant Charges1268 Words   |  6 PagesContents 1. Introduction 2 2. Motivations behind CSR 2 2.1 Self-Interest 2 2.2 Ethics 2 3. Arguments for CSR 3 3.1 Innovation 3 3.2 Cost-Saving 3 3.3 Brand Differentiation 3 3.4 Long-Term Thinking 3 3.5 Customer Engagement and Employee Engagement 3 4. Arguments against CSR 3 4.1 Misdirections 4 4.2 Controversial Industries 4 5. Conclusion 4 6. References 4 Is Corporate Social Responsibility a way to cover exorbitant charges? 1. Introduction Various authors have different definitionsRead MoreBusiness Law and Ethics Case Study826 Words   |  4 Pageswould be purity. If Tom were to tell on Brenda, he would be hurting Brenda and Mary, but he would also be causing small increases in unknown happiness to the community (school leavers and their families, police, the community). Kantian ethics Under Kantian Ethics, Tom should be talking to Michael and explaining the situation to him, as he is focusing on his duty to do what is morally right, regardless of the consequences (QUT, 2011). Universal Acceptability is followed as telling Michael the truth

Arguments for and Against Business Ethics, - 11007 Words

SCHEME OF EXAMINATIONS FOR BBA (INDUSTRY INTEGRATED) PROGRAMME w.e.f. SESSION 2009-2010 (Under Public Private Parternership Scheme) FIRST YEAR 1st Semester Title of the Paper(s) Business Organization Business Communication Skills - Workshop Business Mathematics Computer Fundamentals and Applications Economic Policy and Analysis Financial Accounting Environment Management External Marks (Theory) 70 50 70 50 70 70 70 Internal Assessment Marks 30 50 30 30 30 30 Practical Marks 50 Total Marks 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Paper No. 101-II 102-II 103-II 104-II 105-II 106-II 107-II 2nd Semester Paper No. 201-II 202-II 203-II 204-II 205-II 206-II 207-II 208-II Title of the Paper(s) Macroeconomic Foundations Presentation Skills Workshop†¦show more content†¦Vasishth, Neeru, Business Organisation, Taxmann, New Delhi 2. Talloo, Thelma J., Business Organisational and Management, TMH, New Delhi NOTE: 1. The External Examiner will set 8 questions in the Question Paper selecting at least two questions from each unit. In case, a Case Study is included it will carry marks equivalent to two questions. 2. The candidates will be required to attempt five questions in all, selecting at least one question form each unit. External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Time: 3 hrs. BUSINESS COMMUNICAITON SKILLS – WORKSHOP Paper Code: 102-II UNIT-I Introduction: Basics of communication, seven Cs of effective communication, barriers to communication, ethical context of communication UNIT-II Business communication at workplace: Letter writing – component, layout and process, e-mail communication, bad news messages, persuasive written communication, memos, notice, agenda and minutes of meeting UNIT-III Report Writing: Types of business reports, structure of reports, short reports, long reports, abstracts and summaries, proposals UNIT-IV Communication skills: Reading skills, listening skills, note making, persuasive speaking, body language, gestures SUGGESTED READINGS: 1. Murphy, Herta A., Herbert W. Hildebrandt Jane P Thomas, Effective Business Communication, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi 2. Konera, Arun, Professional Communication, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi 3. McGrath, E.H., Basic Managerial Skills for All,Show MoreRelatedIs Business Bluffing Ethical?1141 Words   |  5 Pagesbecome part of busi ness. The topic of debate, however, is whether this dishonesty in business is ethical. According to Albert Carr in the article â€Å"Is Business Bluffing Ethical?†, bluffing is morally acceptable within the parameters of doing business. Carr argues that bluffing in business is closer to the strategic bluffing normally found in poker, than it is to bluffing in private life. (Carr paragraph 2) He uses a quote from Henry Taylor to describe bluffing in poker and business: â€Å"falsehood ceasesRead MoreArgument For Corporate Social Responsibility1082 Words   |  5 Pagesthat at that time, the emphasis is placed on business people’s social conscience, rather than on the company itself. Some argue that corporate entities do not have any social responsibility except the ones that were written in agreement with government while establishing corporate entities, whereas others justify that corporate entities do have social responsibility. The roots of critics of CSR are so old that it is a challenge to the neoclassical business model itself (Valor, 2005). According to SmithRead MoreArgument For Corporate Social Responsibility1082 Words   |  5 Pagesthat at that time, the emphasis is placed on business peopleâ₠¬â„¢s social conscience, rather than on the company itself. Some argue that corporate entities do not have any social responsibility except the ones that were written in agreement with government while establishing corporate entities, whereas others justify that corporate entities do have social responsibility. The roots of critics of CSR are so old that it is a challenge to the neoclassical business model itself (Valor, 2005). According to SmithRead MoreSweatshops : Positive Deviancy And Global Labour Practices And The Ethical And Economic Case Against Sweatshop Labor1675 Words   |  7 Pagesand The Ethical and Economic Case Against Sweatshop Labor: A Critical Assessment. The former was authored in July 2005 by Denis Arnold and Laura Hartman. The latter was written in September 2011 by Benjamin Powell and Matt Zwolinski. The authors of both works are undeniably qualified and are experts in their respective fields. The credibility of both Beyond Sweatshops: Positive Deviancy and Global Labour Practices and The Ethical and Economic Case Against Sweatshop Labor: A Critical AssessmentRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1195 Words   |  5 Pagesand its stakeholders. CSR is related, but not identical to, business ethics. CSR encompasses the economic, legal and ethical responsibilities of the organization and on the other side, business ethics usually force more on the moral judgments and behavior of individuals and groups of organizations. In 1960s and 1970s there were civil rights movements like consumerism and environmentalism, the affected society’s expectations of business. However a growing number of writers have recognized that theRead MoreApple And Corporate Social Responsibility1629 Words   |  7 Pagesworkers have committed suicide and many riots and fights have broken out. The main moral issue in this case study is whether Apple is responsible for the mis-treatment of Foxconn Employees. In this paper, I will use the moral theories of rights-based ethics, moral relativism, and moral universalism as well ethical views from well-known authors Jacobsen and Friedman to explore where Apple s moral responsibilities should lie. There is no doubt that the conditions at Foxconn are unfortunate, and oughtRead MoreThe Travel Expense Billing Controversy1411 Words   |  6 Pagescompany itself against its customers, its employees and all others who may are concerned from company. Also you have to distinguish between descriptive and normative ethics. â€Å"Descriptive ethics is concerned with describing, characterizing, and studying the morality of a people, an organization, a culture, or a society. [†¦] It focuses on â€Å"what is† the prevailing set of ethical standards in the business community, specific organizations, or on the part of specific mana gers. [†¦] Normative ethics is concernedRead MoreEthical Principles Of The Word Ethics1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy states that the word ethics is commonly used interchangeably with morality ... and sometimes it is used more narrowly to mean the moral principles of a particular tradition, group or individual (Deigh, 1995). Since we were kids and we began to realize what was around us, our parents and grandparents have taught us the basic knowledge of what is good and what is bad. It is indeed an inherent characteristic of all human being and grows from our desires toRead MoreIs Corporate Social Responsibility a Way to Cover Exorbitant Charges1268 Words   |  6 PagesContents 1. Introduction 2 2. Motivations behind CSR 2 2.1 Self-Interest 2 2.2 Ethics 2 3. Arguments for CSR 3 3.1 Innovation 3 3.2 Cost-Saving 3 3.3 Brand Differentiation 3 3.4 Long-Term Thinking 3 3.5 Customer Engagement and Employee Engagement 3 4. Arguments against CSR 3 4.1 Misdirections 4 4.2 Controversial Industries 4 5. Conclusion 4 6. References 4 Is Corporate Social Responsibility a way to cover exorbitant charges? 1. Introduction Various authors have different definitionsRead MoreBusiness Law and Ethics Case Study826 Words   |  4 Pageswould be purity. If Tom were to tell on Brenda, he would be hurting Brenda and Mary, but he would also be causing small increases in unknown happiness to the community (school leavers and their families, police, the community). Kantian ethics Under Kantian Ethics, Tom should be talking to Michael and explaining the situation to him, as he is focusing on his duty to do what is morally right, regardless of the consequences (QUT, 2011). Universal Acceptability is followed as telling Michael the truth

Arguments for and Against Business Ethics, - 11007 Words

SCHEME OF EXAMINATIONS FOR BBA (INDUSTRY INTEGRATED) PROGRAMME w.e.f. SESSION 2009-2010 (Under Public Private Parternership Scheme) FIRST YEAR 1st Semester Title of the Paper(s) Business Organization Business Communication Skills - Workshop Business Mathematics Computer Fundamentals and Applications Economic Policy and Analysis Financial Accounting Environment Management External Marks (Theory) 70 50 70 50 70 70 70 Internal Assessment Marks 30 50 30 30 30 30 Practical Marks 50 Total Marks 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Paper No. 101-II 102-II 103-II 104-II 105-II 106-II 107-II 2nd Semester Paper No. 201-II 202-II 203-II 204-II 205-II 206-II 207-II 208-II Title of the Paper(s) Macroeconomic Foundations Presentation Skills Workshop†¦show more content†¦Vasishth, Neeru, Business Organisation, Taxmann, New Delhi 2. Talloo, Thelma J., Business Organisational and Management, TMH, New Delhi NOTE: 1. The External Examiner will set 8 questions in the Question Paper selecting at least two questions from each unit. In case, a Case Study is included it will carry marks equivalent to two questions. 2. The candidates will be required to attempt five questions in all, selecting at least one question form each unit. External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Time: 3 hrs. BUSINESS COMMUNICAITON SKILLS – WORKSHOP Paper Code: 102-II UNIT-I Introduction: Basics of communication, seven Cs of effective communication, barriers to communication, ethical context of communication UNIT-II Business communication at workplace: Letter writing – component, layout and process, e-mail communication, bad news messages, persuasive written communication, memos, notice, agenda and minutes of meeting UNIT-III Report Writing: Types of business reports, structure of reports, short reports, long reports, abstracts and summaries, proposals UNIT-IV Communication skills: Reading skills, listening skills, note making, persuasive speaking, body language, gestures SUGGESTED READINGS: 1. Murphy, Herta A., Herbert W. Hildebrandt Jane P Thomas, Effective Business Communication, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi 2. Konera, Arun, Professional Communication, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi 3. McGrath, E.H., Basic Managerial Skills for All,Show MoreRelatedIs Business Bluffing Ethical?1141 Words   |  5 Pagesbecome part of busi ness. The topic of debate, however, is whether this dishonesty in business is ethical. According to Albert Carr in the article â€Å"Is Business Bluffing Ethical?†, bluffing is morally acceptable within the parameters of doing business. Carr argues that bluffing in business is closer to the strategic bluffing normally found in poker, than it is to bluffing in private life. (Carr paragraph 2) He uses a quote from Henry Taylor to describe bluffing in poker and business: â€Å"falsehood ceasesRead MoreArgument For Corporate Social Responsibility1082 Words   |  5 Pagesthat at that time, the emphasis is placed on business people’s social conscience, rather than on the company itself. Some argue that corporate entities do not have any social responsibility except the ones that were written in agreement with government while establishing corporate entities, whereas others justify that corporate entities do have social responsibility. The roots of critics of CSR are so old that it is a challenge to the neoclassical business model itself (Valor, 2005). According to SmithRead MoreArgument For Corporate Social Responsibility1082 Words   |  5 Pagesthat at that time, the emphasis is placed on business peopleâ₠¬â„¢s social conscience, rather than on the company itself. Some argue that corporate entities do not have any social responsibility except the ones that were written in agreement with government while establishing corporate entities, whereas others justify that corporate entities do have social responsibility. The roots of critics of CSR are so old that it is a challenge to the neoclassical business model itself (Valor, 2005). According to SmithRead MoreSweatshops : Positive Deviancy And Global Labour Practices And The Ethical And Economic Case Against Sweatshop Labor1675 Words   |  7 Pagesand The Ethical and Economic Case Against Sweatshop Labor: A Critical Assessment. The former was authored in July 2005 by Denis Arnold and Laura Hartman. The latter was written in September 2011 by Benjamin Powell and Matt Zwolinski. The authors of both works are undeniably qualified and are experts in their respective fields. The credibility of both Beyond Sweatshops: Positive Deviancy and Global Labour Practices and The Ethical and Economic Case Against Sweatshop Labor: A Critical AssessmentRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1195 Words   |  5 Pagesand its stakeholders. CSR is related, but not identical to, business ethics. CSR encompasses the economic, legal and ethical responsibilities of the organization and on the other side, business ethics usually force more on the moral judgments and behavior of individuals and groups of organizations. In 1960s and 1970s there were civil rights movements like consumerism and environmentalism, the affected society’s expectations of business. However a growing number of writers have recognized that theRead MoreApple And Corporate Social Responsibility1629 Words   |  7 Pagesworkers have committed suicide and many riots and fights have broken out. The main moral issue in this case study is whether Apple is responsible for the mis-treatment of Foxconn Employees. In this paper, I will use the moral theories of rights-based ethics, moral relativism, and moral universalism as well ethical views from well-known authors Jacobsen and Friedman to explore where Apple s moral responsibilities should lie. There is no doubt that the conditions at Foxconn are unfortunate, and oughtRead MoreThe Travel Expense Billing Controversy1411 Words   |  6 Pagescompany itself against its customers, its employees and all others who may are concerned from company. Also you have to distinguish between descriptive and normative ethics. â€Å"Descriptive ethics is concerned with describing, characterizing, and studying the morality of a people, an organization, a culture, or a society. [†¦] It focuses on â€Å"what is† the prevailing set of ethical standards in the business community, specific organizations, or on the part of specific mana gers. [†¦] Normative ethics is concernedRead MoreEthical Principles Of The Word Ethics1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy states that the word ethics is commonly used interchangeably with morality ... and sometimes it is used more narrowly to mean the moral principles of a particular tradition, group or individual (Deigh, 1995). Since we were kids and we began to realize what was around us, our parents and grandparents have taught us the basic knowledge of what is good and what is bad. It is indeed an inherent characteristic of all human being and grows from our desires toRead MoreIs Corporate Social Responsibility a Way to Cover Exorbitant Charges1268 Words   |  6 PagesContents 1. Introduction 2 2. Motivations behind CSR 2 2.1 Self-Interest 2 2.2 Ethics 2 3. Arguments for CSR 3 3.1 Innovation 3 3.2 Cost-Saving 3 3.3 Brand Differentiation 3 3.4 Long-Term Thinking 3 3.5 Customer Engagement and Employee Engagement 3 4. Arguments against CSR 3 4.1 Misdirections 4 4.2 Controversial Industries 4 5. Conclusion 4 6. References 4 Is Corporate Social Responsibility a way to cover exorbitant charges? 1. Introduction Various authors have different definitionsRead MoreBusiness Law and Ethics Case Study826 Words   |  4 Pageswould be purity. If Tom were to tell on Brenda, he would be hurting Brenda and Mary, but he would also be causing small increases in unknown happiness to the community (school leavers and their families, police, the community). Kantian ethics Under Kantian Ethics, Tom should be talking to Michael and explaining the situation to him, as he is focusing on his duty to do what is morally right, regardless of the consequences (QUT, 2011). Universal Acceptability is followed as telling Michael the truth

The Advantages of Dissertations

The Advantages of Dissertations So, you're preparing to compose a Ph.D. dissertation in an experimental region of Computer Science. Indiana University provides a number of resources to help in the conclusion of your thesis or dissertation requirements. Handbook in the conclusion of their dissertation. Other procedures of submission are readily available. If your submission demands any changes you will get an email explaining the changes that have to be made and you need to resubmit your thesis or dissertation through exactly the same link above. Needless to say, Consilience University won't suit everyone, but nevertheless, it will suit many students that are now unserved. Many students have so many different things which have to be done and could really gain from a dissertation writer or assistance. Graduate students at Consilience University will have the identical goal as graduate students at other universities, to create new understanding, but they'll be encouraged to do it in a totally different way. The primary difference between a thesis and a dissertation is when they're completed. It may be required for the degree of Master of Music, depending on the field. A dissertation is your chance in a doctorate program to contribute new expertise, theories or practices to your area. A doctoral dissertation also includes the additional requirement of a defense. Research paper is a kind of essay that is written in your style. Furthermore, the operation of the MLA editor will certainly better if he's well-versed in the matter. When you are in need of a dissertation or thesis, select the most trusted, custom-writing service in the business to aid you. Dissertations - Is it a Scam? Another proof way is stochastic, employing some sort of statistical strategies and measurements to demonstrate that something is true in the anticipated instances. These characteristics are involving big help as soon as you find yourself managing your existing files as a piece of your PC. Please reference the appropriateDegree Completion Timelinefor additional information and items necessary to finish a degree. The book contains quite a few charts, forms, and checklists to assist you on the way. Designing the website You don't have to be an authority in HTML to design a website. Each page delivers detailed instructions and examples on formatting sections of the last document. Not everybody that has a website will prove to be helpful in assignments. Effective time management can be an additional way to alleviate a number of the external stresses of graduate school. Computers and networks don't have knees, so inadequate performance can't bring them to something they don't have. Chapter V. Additional outcomes. Small group conversations are more powerful than auditorium seating. So, if it's the student likes or not, he's got no other choice except to make all efforts he can if he's intent on getting that dream job. The two are really quite different in their purpose, too. The Tried and True Method for Dissertations in Step by Step Detail Proofreading isn't a job which suits everyone and you need a particular aptitude and abilities prior to starting. So, it's all the more critical that you should receive expert help so you may prepare a lovely assignment. The book provides great insight into an extremely common issue. After choosing the topic, decide which source you're going to use the most. You research a topic, then analyze and comment upon the info you gleaned and the way that it relates to the specific subject matter available. Naturally, there are drawbacks to using the totally free options above but this strategy is sufficient to get you started.

“Same-Sex Marriage Should Not Be Legalized” free essay sample

The government shouldn’t legalize the same-sex marriage because the legal definition of marriage is the civil union between a man and a woman, marriage is a religious rite, and also those couples will be able to adopt children if they are given the right to marry. Same-sex marriage is also known as gay marriage. Same-sex marriage is between two people of the same gender. The Netherlands became the first country to legalize same-sex marriage in 2001; in the United States of America, the first state to legalize same-sex marriage was Massachusetts, on May 17, 2004. According to ProCon. rg (2011), as of May 10, 2012, same-sex marriage has been legalized in eight states such as: Massachusetts, Connecticut, Lowa, Vermont, New Hampshire, New York, Washington, Maryland, and the District of Columbia which will be effective on January 1, 2013. This has become an even more controversial topic since these current legalizations of same-sex marriage. One argument against same-sex marriage i s that the legal definition of marriage is the civil union between a man and a woman. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Same-Sex Marriage Should Not Be Legalized† or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"The institution of marriage has traditionally been defined as between a man and a woman† (ProCon. rg, 2011, Con Gay Marriage,  ¶1). Further, if any government gives the right to marry same-sex couples this traditional institution of marriage will weaken. â€Å"Marriage runs contrary to two of the primary goals of the lesbian and gay movement: the affirmation of gay identity and culture and the validation of many forms of relationships† (ProCon. org, 2011, Con Gay Marriage,  ¶8). Therefore, same-sex marriage is totally the opposite of the traditional institution of marriage; those are two things that cannot have the same rights, and actually God made us to be heterosexual no homosexual. In addition, marriage is a religious rite. â€Å"Gay marriage is not compatible with the beliefs, sacred texts, and traditions of many religious groups† (ProCon. org, 2011, Con Gay Marriage,  ¶4). In fact, we know that most of the religions are opposing same-sex marriage, because they are always guided by the Bible and God’s commandments and his teachings. â€Å"Marriage was established by the Creator with its own nature, essential properties and purpose. No ideology can erase from the human spirit the certainty that marriage exists solely between a man and a woman† (ProCon. org, 2011, Con Gay Marriage,  ¶12). If same-sex is legalized, churches and other religious institutions would be forced to change their rules in order to marry same-sex marriage couples. Furthermore, one of the biggest problems for society and probably the most important for new generations is that same-sex marriage would be that those couples will be able to adopt children if they are given the right to marry. â€Å"The institution of marriage as a union of man and woman, uniquely involving the procreation and rearing of children within a family, is as old as the book of Genesis† (ProCon. org, 2011, Con Gay Marriage,  ¶1). Children need both a mother and a father, because they learn a lot from each of them. â€Å"Girls who are raised apart from their fathers are reportedly at higher risk for early sexual activity and teenage pregnancy. Children without a mother are deprived of the emotional security and unique advice that mothers provide† (ProCon. org, 2011, Con Gay Marriage,  ¶6). Besides, same-sex marriage will intensify to the assimilation of homosexuals into a heterosexual culture. And probably that one of the facts that can affects the society the most, because if that happened our moral and religious values would be lost. The supporters and people who are for the same-sex marriage argue that they should have the right to civil marriage because of same marriage benefits, such as: health insurance and public acceptance which heterosexual couples have. Nevertheless, that argument of the supporters is irrelevant, because each person can have his or her own health insurance that provides their workplace, so they don’t need a family or spouse health insurance to have the same benefits as traditional marriage. On other hand, if the government were to legalize same-sex marriage the public acceptance is not guaranteed. Because people are that decided in what they are going to believe, maybe some people will accept this and a larger group of people disagrees. Therefore, the government don’t have to legalized the same-sex marriage in order to people accept homosexual family or marriage or to receive health insurance. Hence, no government should legalize same-sex marriage for all the facts that this action may involve, for example, those couples will be able to adopt children and also because of moral and religious values. Accordingly about what we have read, the legalization of same-sex marriage is an unmoral and unreligious action. I think that promoting homosexuality with government-backed same-sex marriage it would hurt our children, the generations that are growing, the country, and also the entire world. If a homosexual man or woman wants to get married, the only thing they need to do is choose not to be homosexual and marry someone of the opposite sex. Reference Pro. Con. org. (2011, January 9). Should gay marriage be legal?. Gay Marriage. Retrieved from http://www. gaymariage. procon. org

Response to Aviation Accidents

Introduction Accidents are common occurrences in the aviation industry. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) are responsible for investigating aviation accidents and giving safety recommendations. In addition, they develop rules, policies, and laws to alleviate reduce accidents (Federal Aviation Administration, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Response to Aviation Accidents specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The two bodies work together through exchange of information and research findings. The NTSB was founded in 1967 and is responsible for investigating and resolving cases linked to accidents involving various modes of transport (Elliot, 2013). To maintain the board’s autonomy, any information, data, or statistics collected cannot be used as evidence in a court of law. On the other hand, the FAA was founded after enactment of the Federal Aviati on Act of 1958. It oversees operations and activities related to civil aviation. Some of its core roles include issuing and revoking pilot licenses, developing civil aeronautics, regulating aviation standards, and regulating the aviation industry in order to maintain and promote safety (Elliot, 2013). In case of an accident, the two bodies work together to find the cause and offer recommendations. Interaction during investigations The main division of the NTSB involved in accidents investigations is the â€Å"Go Team.† The team’s main role is to commence investigations shortly after an accident has taken place. Team members offer their expertise at the scene of accident in efforts to ascertain the cause. The team comprises several professionals from the Board’s headquarters in Washington who are usually specialists in different fields. Within the FAA, the Office of Accident Investigation and Prevention is involved in accident investigation (Federal Aviation Admi nistration 2011). The office identifies transportation hazards and risks, and consequently develops safety measures aimed at improving safety. The two agencies interact during an accident investigation by carrying out their respective roles. The NTBS main role is to enhance transport safety. It is responsible for investigating aviation, marine, pipelines, and railways accidents (Federal Aviation Administration, 2011). On the other hand, the FAA enacts policies and regulations that govern the transport industry. Therefore, the NTBS cannot make any rules or establish new policies to govern the transport sector. However, it can give recommendations o the FAA regarding necessary policies and procedures that can be enacted to improve safety.  During an investigation, the NTBS plays a major role. It investigates the matter thoroughly and determines cause of the accident.Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OF F Learn More The FAA is also involved. It sends a representative to the scene of accident to aid in determination of the cause. The role of the representative is to establish whether any rules and regulations were violated, which could have led to the accident. The FAA does not give a final ruling on the matter. The NTSB collects necessary data and information from the scene while the FAA determines whether rules and regulations were violated (Federal Aviation Administration 2011). Together, the two bodies work to determine how and why the accident occurred. Their interaction and cooperation are augmented by their common goal of improving transport safety. During an accident, the FAA helps the NTBS conduct investigation. In addition, it conducts its own investigation to ensure that safety is given priority. FAA investigation of an accident The FAA investigation of an aviation accident involves many aspects. For example, it includes a review of whether the air carrier involv ed in the accident complied with FAA’s rules and regulations, reviews whether the aircraft had necessary maintenance guidelines and manuals, and reviews all the company’s safety guidelines and procedures (Federal Aviation Administration 2013). Other things involved in an investigation include review of pilot’s expertise and medical history, maintenance logbooks, adherence to flight times, and a review of the status of airport structures and amenities. The FAA collects any information that could aid in identifying cause of the accident (Aircraft Owners and Pilot Association 2013). Any information relevant to the investigation is shared with the NTBS investigation committee. After an accident has been reported, the local Flights Standards District Office commences gathering information and data on the possible cause of the accident. The Operations Office within the FAA notifies the NTBS’ headquarters and the responsible local office (Federal Aviation Admini stration 2013). During an investigation, the Operations Center provides teleconferencing and other communication services to help both the FAA and the NTBS teams. Interaction starts before commencement of investigations. The FAA arranges for transportation of NTBS members to the scene of accident. During investigation, the FAA provides additional services to members. These services include medical aid and financial funding. In addition, it provides miscellaneous services such as component testing and research (Federal Aviation Administration, 2013). The NTBS organizes and manages investigation teams and ensures that all necessary tests are carried out.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Response to Aviation Accidents specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Before termination of an investigation, every investigation member must agree to the validity and viability of information collected. During an investigation, the FAA r eviews the recommendations and analyses of the NTBS in relation to aviation guidelines and policies. Investigation by the NTBS Immediately after an aviation accident occurs, the NTBS sends a â€Å"go-team† to the scene of accident within two to three hours (National Transport Safety Board 2009). Prior to the release of the team, the Board sends a representative from the regional or local office to the accident scene. The IIC, an investigation division of the NTBS organizes and manages the investigation team at the scene (National Transport Safety Board 2009). It coordinates and oversees all investigation activities. The representative from the regional office commences investigation before arrival of the go-team. The IIC has several roles in an investigation. First, it ensures that evidence that could lead to identification of the accident cause is secure (Federal Aviation Administration 2013). Second, it identifies any hazardous materials that could be harmful to investigato rs. Third, it manages the crash site. Upon arrival at the scene, NTBS investigation members make a tour of the scene and get a briefing from the officer in charge (National Transport Safety Board 2009). Go-team members form teams to commence investigations. Specialists in areas such as air traffic control, operations, aviation systems, and aircraft performance lead the teams. An aircraft performance specialist carries out most of the investigation by assessing the aircraft’s systems and components for faults (National Transport Safety Board 2009). Another specialist conducts interviews and reviews the aircraft’s records. Tests to determine aircraft defects After an accident, the FAA and NTSB utilize several tests to determine if factors such as structural failure and fire were possible causes of the accident. Some of the methods used to detect defects in aircraft include liquid penetrant, ultrasonic, infrared thermography, sonic, Eddy current, and magnetic particle met hods (Khan 2009). Aircraft structures are easily destroyed by fires and lightning. Therefore, non-destructive testing (NDT) methods are used to establish possible causes of damage on aircraft components. Degree of damage depends on type of structure and material used to make the aircraft. The team also gathers additional information and data that assist in determination of the cause of the accident. It collects ATC radar data, weather data from the National Weather Service, transcripts of radio transmissions, and pilot’s medical history (Aircraft Owners and Pilot Association 2013).Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Eddy current and ultrasonic inspection methods are used to detect tiny cracks in the structure of an aircraft (Khan 2009). In addition, the method is used to measure degree of metal thinning that is caused by corrosion. In extreme cases, X-ray techniques are used to detect defects inside the structure of the aircraft’s components that cannot be detected using other methods (Khan 2009). Liquid penetrant method is used to detect surface defects in the structure of the aircraft. Magnetic particle method is used to detect defects on any ferromagnetic material used in construction of components such as gearboxes, pumps, and shafts. Resonance methods are used to detect weaknesses in bonds between composite structures (Khan, 2009). Report preparation After on-scene investigation, the investigation teams commence a period of report writing that includes combining all their findings (National Transport Safety Board 2004). In addition, the period involves further research that includes gathering of facts and collection of data. Information is collected from public hearings, after which it is analyzed and included in the final report. After presentation of the report, the NTBS establishes follow-up events that go on for a period of over six months to ensure proper implementation of safety recommendations.  The report-writing process begins with a meeting that involves members of the NTBS safety board. They deliberate of activities such as tests and interviews with survivors (National Transport Safety Board 2004). In addition, the team agrees on a date for presentation of the final report. Members that do not belong to NTBS such as FAA members contribute by reviewing, commenting, and offering suggestions on the report draft. If deemed necessary, a public hearing is included in the report-writing process. Public hearing is necessary for accidents that involve massive loss of lives. Participants during a public hearing include survivors, FAA regulators, air traffic controllers, aircraft manufacturers, and fire and rescue professionals (National Transport Safety Board 2004).  The FAA serves a critical role during the report-writing process. It reviews the analytical process and ensures that all regulations relating to aviation safety standards are adhered to (National Transport Safety Board 2004). Its role in the process is minimal. The IIC integrates factual reports from various parties into a final report. In addition, it makes conclusions and recommendations. The report is then given to several agencies that deal with aviation safety such as Office of Research and Engineering (ORE), the Office of Safety Recommendations, and the general counsel. Safety recommendations Recommendations are the most important aspect of an aviation accident investigation. The safety Board is given the responsibility to give recommendations that could improve safety of the aviation industry. The board addresses safety deficiencies and issues recommendations bas ed on findings of the investigation (National Transport Safety Board 2010). The report helps improve safety through implementation of recommendations from the investigation team. The FAA and NTBS give recommendations on how aviation safety could be improved. The NTBS establishes follow-up activities to ensure that recommendations are implemented (National Transport Safety Board, 2010). Conclusion The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) are responsible for investigating aviation accidents. In addition, they develop rules, policies, and laws to alleviate the problem of aviation accidents that have been on the increase in recent past. In an aviation accident investigation, the FAA and NTSB work together in efforts to find the cause. Each of the agencies plays a different role. For example, the NTSB collects data and information related to the accident and analyzes it. On the other hand, the FAA reviews findings of the NTSB and finds out whether any aviation rules and regulations were violated, which could have been a cause of the accident. During an investigation, the NTSB and FAA conduct several tests to detect defects in the structure of the aircraft. Tests are meant to determine whether factors such as fires and lightning were causes of the accident. These tests include destructive and non-destructive tests. Methods used for non-destructive tests include liquid penetrant, ultrasonic, infrared thermography, sonic, Eddy current, and magnetic particle methods. References Aircraft Owners and Pilot Association: Accident Analysis. (2013). Retrieved from  http://www.aopa.org/Pilot-Resources/Safety-and-Technique/Accident-Analysis.aspx Elliot, P. (2013). NTBS an FAA investigate Air Show Crash. Retrieved from  http://www.wdtn.com/dpp/news/local/montgomery/ntsb-and-faa-investigate-air-show-crash#.Ud0ycJDu2t8 Federal Aviation Administration: Lessons Learned from Transport Airplane Accidents.  (2011). Retrieved fr om http://lessonslearned.faa.gov/ Federal Aviation Administration: Accidents and Incidents Data. (2013). Retrieved from  http://www.faa.gov/data_research/accident_incident/ Khan, A. Non-Destructive Testing Applications in Commercial Aircraft Maintenance.  (2009). Retrieved from http://www.ndt.net/article/ecndt98/aero/031/031.htm National Transport Safety Board: The investigative Process at NTSB. (2009). Retrieved  from http://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/process.html. National Transport Safety Board: Aircraft Accident Report. (2004). Retrieved from  http://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/fulltext/AAB0603.html National Transport Safety Board: Safety Recommendation History. (2010). Retrieved  from http://www.ntsb.gov/SafetyRecs/Private/history.aspx?rec=A-10-030addressee=FAA This essay on Response to Aviation Accidents was written and submitted by user Marc Shelton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Fight for Equality essays

Fight for Equality essays The nineteenth century faced an abundance of hardships as well as triumphs and discoveries. The most significant issue faced during this time was the African Americans struggle to be equal. Equality was on every black man and womans mind during the nineteenth century and keeping them from being a success was on every white mans mind. Though it was a struggle, many black men and women stood up for what they believed in and made it happen. It is these determined black men and women that are responsible for opening Americas mind to accept people, no matter of race. There is no doubt that no other issue during the nineteenth century has had a more significant impact on the twentieth century and all centuries to come. African Americans were known as the working class. This is because blacks were only allowed to be farmers and work on plantations owned by white men. They worked the land and white men prospered from it giving the African Americans only pennies to live on each day (Straker 26). The white man would do anything to [keep] a Negro down (Straker 26). Not only were they given poor wages for hard work and poor rations to live off of, but they were also told they could not own land. The blacks began to educate themselves the best they could and the white man began to notice the success of African Americans and took away what the Fifteenth Amendment gave the black community; the right to vote. The Fifteenth Amendment made it illegal to deny blacks the vote but racists found ways around the amendment by creating poll taxes which they knew blacks could not pay and literary tests which they knew most blacks would not pass (Tindall and Shi 616). States began developing plans of their own to keep blacks from voting. In Mississippi the Mississippi Plan was developed which stated that voters must live in the state for two years and in the voting district for one year. They were not a...

Ytterbium Facts - Yb Element Facts

Ytterbium Facts - Yb Element Facts Ytterbium is element number 70 with an element symbol Yb. This silver-colored rare earth element is one of several elements discovered from ores from a quarry in Ytterby, Sweden. Here are interesting facts about element Yb, as well as a summary of key atomic data: Interesting Ytterbium Element Facts Like other rare earth elements, ytterbium isnt really all that rare, but it did take scientists a long time to figure out how to separate the rare earth elements from one another. During this time, it was rare to encounter them. Today, rare earths are common in everyday products, particularly in monitors and electronics.Ytterbium was one of the elements isolated from the mineral yttria. These elements derive their names from Ytterby (e.g., Yttrium, Ytterbium, Terbium, Erbium). For about 30 years, it was difficult to distinguish the elements from each other, so there was confusion about which element belonged to which name. Ytterbium went by at least four names, including ytterbium, ytterbia, erbia, and neoytterbia, when it wasnt altogether confused with another element.Credit for discovering ytterbium is shared between Jean-Charles Gallisard de Marignac, Lars Fredrik Nilson, and Georges Urbain, who identified the element over a period of several years, starting in 1787. Marignac repo rted the elemental analysis of a sample called erbia in 1878 (isolated from yttria), saying it consisted of two elements he called erbium and ytterbium. In 1879, Nilson announced Marignacs ytterbium was not a single element, but a mixture of two elements he called scandium and ytterbium. In 1907, Urbain announced Nilsons ytterbium was, in turn, a mixture of two elements, which he called ytterbium and lutetium. Relatively pure ytterbium was not isolated until 1937. A high purity specimen of the element wasnt made until 1953. Uses of ytterbium include use as a radiation source for x-ray machines. It is added to stainless steel to improve its mechanical properties. It may be added as a doping agent to fiber optic cable. It is used to make certain lasers.Ytterbium and its compounds are not normally found in the human body. They are estimated to be of low to moderate toxicity. However, ytterbium is stored and treated as if it were a highly toxic chemical. Part of the reason is that metallic ytterbium dust presents a fire hazard, evolving toxic fumes as it burns. A ytterbium fire can only be extinguished using a class D dry chemical fire extinguisher. Another risk from ytterbium is that it causes skin and eye irritation. Scientists believe some ytterbium compounds are teratogenic.Ytterbium is a bright, shiny silver metal that is ductile and malleable. The most common oxidation state of ytterbium is 3, but the 2 oxidation state also occurs (which is unusual for a lanthanide). It is more reactive than the other lanthanide elements, so it is generally stored in sealed containers to keep it from reacting with oxygen and water in air. The finely powdered metal will ignite in air. Ytterbium is the 44th most abundant element in the Earths crust. It is one of the more common rare earths, present at about 2.7 to 8 parts per million in the crust. It is common in the mineral monazite.7 natural isotopes of ytterbium occur, plus at least 27 radioactive isotopes have been observed. The most common isotope is ytterbium-174, which accounts for about 31.8 percent of the natural abundance of the element. The most stable radioisotope is ytterbium-169, which has a half-life of 32.0 days. Ytterbium also displays 12 meta states, with the most stable being ytterbium-169m, with a half life of 46 seconds. Ytterbium Element Atomic Data Element Name: Ytterbium Atomic Number: 70 Symbol: Yb Atomic Weight: 173.04 Discovery: Jean de Marignac 1878 (Switzerland) Electron Configuration: [Xe] 4f14 6s2 Element Classification: Rare Earth (Lanthanide Series) Word Origin: Named for the Swedish village of Ytterby. Density (g/cc): 6.9654 Melting Point (K): 1097 Boiling Point (K): 1466 Appearance: silvery, lustrous, malleable, and ductile metal Atomic Radius (pm): 194 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 24.8 Ionic Radius: 85.8 (3e) 93 (2e) Specific Heat (20Â °C J/g mol): 0.145 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 3.35 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 159 Pauling Negativity Number: 1.1 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 603 Oxidation States: 3, 2 Lattice Structure: Face-Centered Cubic Lattice Constant (Ã…): 5.490 References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.) Return to the Periodic Table

Power of query optimization Asystematic Approach to cost-Based Dissertation

Power of query optimization Asystematic Approach to cost-Based optimization in Data Mining enviroment - Dissertation Example Up till now, there has been extensive research done in order to give database support to the mining operations. Nevertheless, the emphasis in such endeavors has been, most typically, laid upon the mining of a single data set although, most of the times, the user has to look up for multiple data sets that are acquired from various data sources. Thus, for such cases, it is extremely essential for the KDD process to compare the patterns from various data sets and comprehend their relationship with each other. For this purpose, the multiple data sets in a KDDMS require support for the complex queries. Due to this reason, new functionality and optimizations are needed that particularly emphasize over the frequent item set mining. Faster response to queries is the prime function of the query optimization. The data is better known to the semantic optimizer rather than the user. Thus, the semantic optimizer is able to replace the query of the user with another query that provides the same ou tcome more efficiently in lesser time. The efficiency of the new query is due to the execution of less work for the retrieval of the selected result tuples from the data base. The most advanced query optimizers select the one â€Å"best† plan during the time of the compilation to execute a given query (Ramakrishnan and Gehrke, 2000). The cost of execution for the alternative plans is calculated, out which the one is selected that has the overall cheapest cost. Conventionally, the cost is determined on the basis of the average statistics of the overall data since the prime purpose is to identify a single plan for all data. Nevertheless, the significant statistical variations of various data sub-sets may yield poor performance of the query execution (Christodoulakis, 1984). The basic disadvantage is the highly coarse optimization granularity in which just one execution plan is selected for the entire data. Important opportunities for effective query optimization are left out be cause of this sort of â€Å"monolithic† approach (Ramakrishnan and Gehrke, 2000). Thus, the research problem is to augment the cost-based optimization in data mining for patterns, in single and multiple databases. Therefore, the present study will focus on the cost-based optimization of the queries in data mining. 2. Topics covered There are numerous research papers that have been published in the area of Data mining, Data ware-housing and Query Optimization Techniques however the researches in the past do not clearly specify the conditions under which, what kind of query optimizer will probably possess more weight or points than the others. According Yu and Sub (n.d.), rules are deduced from the restriction clauses of the queries that are received at the database and also, from the outcome that they generate. It can also be stated that the cost of each query is different for the approaches through which the two syntactically distinct queries generate the same outcome. Ullman (1998), in his research, explained the principle of semantic query optimization that refers to the use of semantic rules, for instance, to re-generate a query into an equivalent but less expensive query, in order to minimize the cost of query evaluation. Subramanian and Venkataraman (n.d) in their work suggested the architecture to process the queries of complex decision support that incorporates various heterogeneous data sources and puts forward the concept of transient-views and moreover, formulates a cost-based algorithm that requires a query plan as an input and develops an optimized â€Å"covering plan† through reducing the redundancies in the original-input-query plan. According to the research work of Stefan Berchtold et.al (2001), the problem of extracting all objects

PETROLEUM POLLUTION IN INTERNATIONAL WATERS -(THE ROLE OF Literature review

PETROLEUM POLLUTION IN INTERNATIONAL WATERS -(THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND TREATIES) - Literature review Example To achieve this end, reviewer will concisely and critically discuss the literature’s structure, contents and evaluate if international laws are appreciated in resolving petroleum pollution cases in high seas. Content: Preventing Oil Spill thru Standards Authors of this literature are Nicholas P. Chereminisinoff and Paul Rosenfeld. They are chemical engineer and environmental chemist respectively with expertise on environmental pollution prevention and ecological restoration programs. Chereminisinoff and Rosenfeld aimed to share high impact contribution on pollution control processes by probing into petroleum industry to document best management practices and models, cleaner production of technologies and pollution prevention practices. This is clearly depicted in the title of the journal Pollution Prevention and Cleaner Industry: Best Practices in Petroleum Industry. Structurally, the literatures have no Abstract section but concise topic and themes where explicated in the Pre face Section. Authors detailed prevention of oil spill in six chapters, all of which had separate introduction, body and conclusion. Each chapter has proper author referencing to corroborate studies and they prescribed other references for further reading too. The document is sufficient of originality for journals, logically concluded with illustration and can be summarized without sacrifice to content. Authors indicated in introduction their serious concern on petroleum pollution in both land, air and high seas citing impact to industries, corporation and vessel owners that are supposedly boxed by policies on standard quality control (applied to oil extraction industry), corporation laws, maritime laws, insurance and environmental policies. Petroleum pollution’s devastating impact to ecosystem were all pointed in the introduction citing issues on protection, compliance to regulations, toxic management, performance audit, and the like. Thus, authors at the outset asserted tha t corporations engaged in the extraction and distribution of petroleum across continents should have transparent Environmental Aspects in accordance to internationally ISO standards for standard quality control to prevent disasters and environmental destructions. They urged corporate entities to strictly adhere to regulations by exercising strategic corporate planning, standard operational system, environmental protection standards, risk management, regular performance appraisal and thorough environmental impact assessments. As hypothetical assertion, they argued that corporation should not just generate revenue but must include pollution prevention for cost –efficiency, especially that oil extraction and distribution is a capital intensive venture. Authors manifested that they disfavored extractive industry’s productivity at the expense of environment and public safety. On methodology, authors did not expressly stated how data collection was done but their handbook cl early depicted the use of mixed qualitative and quantitative research studies that absorbed empirical facts which covered (a) comprehensive narration about petroleum industry, quality standards required in its facilities and operations and about quality

Homelessness in Raleigh, North Carolina Essay Example for Free

Homelessness in Raleigh, North Carolina Essay This paper presented the subculture of homeless people in Raleigh City, North Carolina. The paper focused on describing the health problems and issues being experienced by the homeless people in Raleigh. It also enumerated the different health care systems available in the city that provide health services to homeless individuals, as well as the different organizations built to address the needs, health and housing concerns of the homeless people in the city of Raleigh. Moreover, the researcher also attempted to describe an ideal health care system practices and services that should be made available for homeless individuals and for the whole community. Homelessness in Raleigh, North Carolina Homelessness is a state and social condition wherein an individual or group of individuals cannot afford to own a house or shelter.   Some sociologists associated homelessness with augmented risks of mortality or simply the inevitable increase of population.   However, other sociologists identify homelessness to be a consequence of socio-economically deprived populations. Whatever the cause of homelessness is, the fact remains that homelessness is becoming a serious problem all over the world. It is estimated that more than 100 million people worldwide are homeless, â€Å"of which 20 million to 40 million are adrift in major urban centers† (Habitat International Coalition [HIC], 2005). Homelessness is one of the serious problems in Raleigh, capital of North Carolina. Although Raleigh is a capital city, a number of residents here are facing the problem of poverty, unemployment, health problem, and homelessness. This has led some people to build different organizations and health care centers which aim to resolve the mentioned problems. There are also several health care services established to manage the health problems in the community. This paper will dwell on the subculture of homeless people in Raleigh, North Carolina and on the diversity in health care organizations being provided for the community. The Community Profile of Raleigh Raleigh is the capital city of North Carolina with an estimated population of 341,891 of which 49.7% are male and 50.3% are female. Raleigh population is dominated by mostly working-aged adults with 77.6% of its residents aged between 18 to 64 years, 7.5% under age 5, and 7.8% aged 65 years and over. There are different races inhabiting the city wherein 60.4% are White American, 28.2% are African American, 0.4% are American Indian and Alaska Native, 3.8% are Asian, and the rest of the other races not mentioned. The total family household is 136,993 with a median income of $51,647 in 2007. Of the population 273,453 (16 years old and over), 179,896 are employed in industry and civilian labor while 10,738 are unemployed (US Census Bureau, 2007). Raleigh is governed by a city mayor, a city council and a city manager with a budget of $557,055,589 in 2006-2007 wherein municipal service cost is at $200,000. As for social services Raleigh has three hospitals, seven police stations, 27 fire stations, one library, and six universities. As for recreational establishment, Raleigh has 117 city parks, 22 staffed centers, nine non-staffed program centers, two art centers, 112 tennis courts at 25 different locations, eight public swimming pools, and 8,817 acres of parks and greenways (City of Raleigh Website, 2009). For the past decade, Raleigh had developed as center for education, research and development in North Carolina. Moreover, cultural activity flourishes in the city, for it houses theaters, symphony orchestra, art museums, galleries, and other entertainment and recreational enterprises (Community Link, 2009).

Reorganization :: essays research papers

Reorganization A Company which have 100 people, has just gone into liquidation, being unable to manufacture furniture of sufficient quality and provide enough to satisfy the demand for it. In order to solve the problem, we have already thought up a plan. The bank manager have already accepts the financial and marketing aspects of the plan, but he is unsure of my management ability and how I would improve the organisation and management of the collectively brought about the company's downfall. So I am now have to reassure him and persuade him that I know not only how to manage people, but also how to set up and organise appropriate business processes. For the business problem that we are working with. It is require a range of skilful and craft workers, So that the aim of the plan is to provide a good quality and sufficient amount of products. Satisfy the demand for it. Show that plan to the bank manager, give him a confidence. So that we can borrow this budget form him then we can put the company on track again. These are all internal problems within the company; management of workers, suppliers, costs and budget. THE OBJECTIVE. FIRST the workers. Due to the fact that it must have the following problem in suppliers area. The quality of the raw material must have not reach the standard that is aimed. For examples: the may ordered some cheap materials or expensive raw materials where they can have poor quality of work done with the expensive materials and good quality of materials done by poor quality of work or it could be the other way round. So it need to reorganise and have real thought about it. For the problem which just mention can be relayed to the workers. The workers also have problem in; not happy with their salary, relationship problems between all workers themselves (neighbour trouble), also not happy with their raw materials where they are working with. To solve the problem above I must monitor in depth on the suppliers. Look at their raw material that they are provided and communicate with the craft workers and see if the materials are what they really want and what really keen on working with e.g. a worker may not be happy working with pine wood because he thing pine wood is not the right raw material e.g. too light or not met specification for the furniture or some other strange reason and where I must really consider about his thought rather than just do what I wanted to do. In other words if I've ordered some expensive raw materials, but it still end up

Do not rock the boat! Essay

Everybody has there own prospective on what a best friend is, from someone that makes them laugh, to simply somebody that just listens to their problems. In my eyes a best friend is a real friend, someone you can count on, someone that is always there for you when you need them the most. And that makes them a best friend in my book. Trying to find one is a different story. I have had my fair share of bad friendships they had me fooled that they were always there for me when all they had were bad intentions. At that point I had given up on the idea that there was someone in this world that I can trust, somebody that I can be myself around. Was I asking for too much? That all changed on September 11, 2010 at Kearny high school, in Ms. Cooks first period English class. It was quite a small room so it was very noticeable when someone walked thru those blue doors into the crowded room. One by one, I studied each new fresh faces walking into the class.Each facial expression sharing a nervo us, curios, but exiting look. About twenty minutes after the late bell rang (that girl was always late to everything) a dark skinned, Indian looking, Mexican about 6’2 in height walked into the classroom. Her long wavy jet-black hair caught my attention first, then her bright brown oval eyes, thick bone structure, and her big bright blue Jansport backpack she was caring in her right hand. I have not seen a backpack that large since fifth grade and for a second, I thought we where back in Elementary school. To make my description about her more clear she looked like a thicker and taller version of Pocahontas. One of the Disney princesses I grew up watching as a little kid. Her name is Jocelyn Guzman-Diaz, a corny, full of life, girl that just moved from Oregon to San Diego, California to get closer to her father. Spring Break weekend of 2010, at Camp Managuay was the coldest weekend I ever had to endure. Cold rainy days, tree roaring nights, the smell of burning oak roasting in the fire pits, the feel of the ash against your face, and the sound embrassing of all the JROTC cadets tan combat boots crunching the crisp frozen grass to wake up to every morning, in our Camo uniforms. As cold and unpleasant as that sounds, that weekend was the best weekend I have ever had with my best  friend. With tons of and tummy hurting laughter moments we had along the way. Jocelyn and I got selected to go to camp Managuay, a woodsy campsite located about two hours away from Mesa college with our JROTC instructors and about eighty or so cadets. We arrived in a whale looking tour bus. It dropped us off in front of a huge dark green pine tree with blue tent sacks sped out on the dirt. We would stay up till one, two, even three in the morning laying in our cold hard tent cracking jokes knowing we would have to wake up at six o’ clock in the morning. I remember this specific moment where the instructors marched us down to the Managuay Lake to go canoeing. The wide, open enchanting lake felt as if I was in wonderland. We all took turns grabbing a bright yellow banana looking canoe. One by one canoes started plopping in the freezing water. Jocelyn is the most careless person in the world when it comes to following instructions and the first rule she breaks is DO NOT ROCK THE BOAT! She is in her boat singing and swaying her long wavy hair back and fourth. Then all of a sudden she swayed too far to the left and her met the water and the canoe met her head. I broke down In laughter. The more I looked at her the harder I laughed. It felt like I was going have a giggle attack! That moment had our trip. We forgot all about those cold, wintery, nights and the dirty, rough, uneven, tent floors. I chose to write about this day because despite the harsh conditions that we were faced with we made the best of it and had fun with it. We did not care how people were looking at us or how strange they thought we were because we were having the best time.

Gap Model of Service Marketing

Introduction In a competitive market, a business’s main purpose is to create value for customers, because it is basically the consumer who essentially determines what a business is, even the future success of a business (Karl, 2009). For service marketing, which is the form of marketing focuses on processes deeds and performances, service quality is only way for customers to evaluate their experiences (Susamoo, 2012). Hence, the service quality is one of the most important factors that any service organisation should face.Service quality can be defined as ‘a customers' perception of how well a service meets or exceeds their expectations’ (Seth, Deshmukh ; Vrat, 2005). However, many consumers are short of the knowledge to evaluate the service they receive, meanwhile, the providers also lack skills to meet customer’s needs. When the experience does not match the expectation, a gap arises. The gap model of service quality identifies five major gaps that organi zations seeking to meet customer's expectations in service delivery process (Turner, Bienstock & Reed, 2010).The purpose of this paper is discussing the gaps can occur in delivery of service quality. Besides, this essay will describe the feasible approaches for closing these service quality gaps, and put forward the examples to support. Customer Gap Customer gap is the difference between customer expectations and perceptions (Zeithaml, Bitner & Gremler, 2006). This gap arises when the customers misinterpret the service quality.The customer expectation is the standards or reference points that customer bring into the service experience, sometimes influenced by their cultural background, lifestyle, personality and so forth. Customer perception is based on the customers’ interaction with service. In ideal world, customer’s expectation world be almost identical to customer’s perception (Talebzade, 2009). However, actually, even some great companies like Apple seem t o be increasing significantly their customer gap. Customers complained that they were squeezed by Apple’s service platform, iTunes, because of the high cost of Apps.The App customers expect was high quality and cost-saving service, but the spending was far outstripped their expectation. It caused customers dissatisfied with iTunes services (Sullivan, 2011). Therefore, the results of customer gap are quite predictable, the higher the customer gap, the higher the risk of generating customer dissatisfaction and losing loyalty. In order to close the customer gaps, managers should educate customer to see reality of service delivery and clearly understand the customer expectation.IKEA, the world’s largest furniture retailer used to collect the information about customers’ ideal shopping experience so as to meet customers’ needs before opened its Chicago store. In basis of those feedbacks, IKEA redesigned the store, and made it more appropriate for shopping. Loc al customers were so satisfied with this store, and rated 85 per cents ‘excellent’ for this store (Zeithaml, Bitner & Gremler, 2006). Hence, clearly understanding customers’ expectation and perception in advance can help managers to narrow the gap. Knowledge GapKnowledge gap is the difference between customer expectation of service and company understanding of those expectation (Webb, 2000). Service providers who result in knowledge gap sometimes apply inadequate marketing research orientation and lack of communication with employees and customers. Moreover, the factors of lacking company strategies to strengthen customer relationships and inadequate service recoveries are also the critical reasons to cause knowledge gap. Boeing has been the leader of airplane manufacturing and service providing.However, in 2006, Boeing declared that their cabin broadband access service was suspended, because this service was badly received by passengers. In actual, for passenger s, what they want was flights to be on time. Boeing assessed customer expectation in wrong way, and made failure of the service innovation (BBC, 2006). In a customer-orientated business, it is important to have a clear understanding of the customer’s need for service. To close the gap between the customer’s expectation and business’s perception of service delivery, anagers require a set of comprehensive marketing research and adequate upward communication with their customers and employees. For solving this problem, Ritz-Carlton Hotel establishes its Customer Relationship Management (CRM) for improving service quality. The information of registered customers in CRM can help Ritz-Carlton Hotel to customize client’s accommodation experience based on customer’s lifestyle and preference (Delio, 2000). Therefore, for closing knowledge gap and improving service quality, manager should know what customer really want.Design and Standard Gap Design and Stan dard Gap is the gap between provider’s perception and customer-driven service designs and standards. It may arise when companies are difficultly translating customer expectation into service quality specification. The reasons of this gap occurs can include poor service design, lack of quality specification and failure of maintaining and updating servicescape (Zeithaml, Bitner & Gremler, 2006). Presently in Taiwan, the tourism sector encourages local farmers to develop their rural tourism in order to attract mainland visitors.Therefore, the number of agents were founded in the last two years. Nevertheless, many agents are not registered with Taiwanese tourism sector, and do not get the appropriate insurances for taking care of tourists (Siow, 2012). The tourist’s expectation is the safe and pleasant journey experience, but the tourism sector cannot supervise this market well. It causes negative impact among visitors. In order to close design and standard gap, managers n eed make sure that they are defining the level of service quality they believe.For example, Amazon has set standards for specifying the shipping time when a products is unavailable, out of product in local warehouse and other different conditions (Zeithaml, Bitner & Gremler, 2006). These sets of specifications can improve the efficiency of daily operation, and enhance service quality for customers. Therefore, managers should specify service quality standards that reflect expectation so as to narrow the design and standard gap. Performance Gap Performance Gap is the gap between the service quality specification and service delivery.This gap exposes when service providers fail to deliver service quality according to their goals and standards. Sometimes, service providers who leading this gap have poor human resource policies, or staffs lack of knowledge and skills to delivery service to customers (Chenet, Tynan & Money, 2000). Motorola is famous for its performance management. Motorol a’s managers believe that the human resource strategy is identical to their performance management. Motorola focuses on the skills of individual employee to improve the process of delivering value to customers.Motorola‘s service performance objectives consist of two parts, business goals and behaviour standards. These two parts work together to improve employee performance and service quality (Ahire, Waller & Golhar, 1996). Therefore, for narrowing the performance gap, managers need to audit the customer experience that providers currently deliver, in order to make sure the level of service delivery can live up to the specification (Rajagopal, n. d. ). Besides, managers also should consider the role of employee and customer in delivery process.For Motorola, except for improve staff training and education, managing and analysing the customers’ different requirements are also important. Hence, so as to close the performance gap, managers should coordinate the inter action between employees and customers in delivery process, and make service experiences meet the specification. Communication Gap Communication gap is the gap between the delivery of customer experience and what is communicated with customers (Hudson, 2011). Sometimes, customer expectations are highly influenced by the promises made by service providers.Therefore, this gap arises when service providers are over-promised, and do not match the actual service quality to customers. In 2009, Google launched its music service in mainland China, and cooperated with local music website, Top100 to provide free and legal music. Google promised that customers can create their own online songs list, and easily access to that in any time. However, with the failure of the cooperation with partner, and shut down the mainland division, Google's music service became unstable. Customers often cannot accesse to their online music list as Google promised.Google over-promised their service and finally cannot perform that (Tejada, 2012). Clearly, Google’s failure is the result of communication gap between customers’ perceptions and Google’s promises. Therefore, so as to narrow the communication gap, managers should ensure service performance quality matches to their promises. Besides, they also need avoid ineffective management of customer expectation and inadequate horizontal communication among different service providers (Zeithaml, Bitner ; Gremler, 2006).As an electronics retail giant, BestBuy have 1150 stores around the world. In each BestBuy store, staffs will clearly and directly promise the returns commitments of goods to customers, and faithfully perform their promises (BestBuy, 2013). Hence, managers need avoid exaggerating what will provide to customer so that finally harming customer’s perceptions. Conclusion This paper has described the five gaps that occur in the process of service delivery. Moreover, a set of approaches so as to close the se service quality gaps is explained following each gap model.Today’s consumer has become increasingly demanding. Customers often look at the service quality of both the process and outcomes of service delivery. The delivery of high quality service is one of the most complicated and important tasks for each service provider. The gap model of service quality is a measure of how service supplied by providers meet or surpass customer’s expectation (Ahmed et al, n. d. ). In order to close these gaps, managers should clearly understand customer expectation, set quality specification, manage employee performance and communication channel.To narrow the service quality gap is not only for improving the service quality, but also for delivering value well to customers. References Ahire, SL, Waller, MA ; Golhar, DY 1996, ‘Quality management in TQM versus non-TQM firms: an empirical investigation’, The International Journal of Quality ; Reliability Management, vol. 13 , no. 8, pp. 8-27, viewed 23 March 2013, ;http://search. proquest. com. ezproxy. utas. edu. au/business/docview/197606505/13D0B260F7C754E46B9/3? accountid=14245;. Ahmed, I, Gul, S, Hayat, U ; Qasim, M n. d. Service quality; Service features; and Customer complaint handling as the major determinants of customer satisfaction in Banking sector, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, viewed 24 March 2013, ; http://www. wbiconpro. com/5[1]. ISHFA. pdf;. BestBuy, 2013, Return ; Exchange Policy, BestBuy Official Website, viewed 24 March 2013, ;http://www. bestbuy. com/site/Returns-Refunds/Return-%26-Exchange-Policy/pcmcat260800050014. c? id=pcmcat260800050014;. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), 2006, Boeing exits in-flight broadband, BBC, London, viewed 23 March 2013, ; http://news. bc. co. uk/2/hi/business/5261562. stm;. Chenet, P, Tynan, C ; Money, A 2000, ‘The service performance gap: testing the redeveloped causal model’, European Journal of Marketin g, vol. 34, no. 3/4, pp. 472-497, viewed 23 March 2013, ;http://search. proquest. com. ezproxy. utas. edu. au/business/docview/237021271/13D0B1BB3BD6EE81139/1? accountid=14245;. Delio, M 2000, For Ritz-Carlton, It All Begins with Customer Knowledge, destinationcrm. com, viewed 23 March 2013, ; http://www. destinationcrm. com/Articles/CRM-News/Daily-News/For-Ritz-Carlton-It-All-Begins-with-Customer-Knowledge-47424. spx;. Hudson, P 2011, An examination of how gaps between customer expectations of service quality and actual service quality can arise, Marketing Student Blog, viewed 24 March, ;http://www. phil-hudson. com/an-examination-of-how-gaps-between-customer-expectations-of-service-quality-and-actual-service-quality-can-arise/;. Karl, JA 2009, Customer Service – The Importance of Quality Service, SparkNET, viewed 22 March 2013, ;http://ezinearticles. com/? Customer-Service—The-Importance-of-Quality-Service&id=2220862>. Rajagopal, V n. d. Closing the Gap Between Guest Expectation and Management Perception, Pacific International Hotel Management School, New Plymouth, viewed 24 March 2013, . Seth, N, Deshmukh, SG & Vrat, P 2005, ‘Service quality models: a review’, The International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, vol. 22, no. 8/9, pp. 913-949, viewed 23 March 2013, .Siow, CW 2012, Identify Possible Critical Provider Gap(s) in the Package Tours Sold by Travel Agencies in Singapore, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, viewed 23 March 2013, ;http://digitalscholarship. unlv. edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi? article=2335;context=thesesdissertations;. Sullivan, D, 2011, Why Do Amazon ; Apple Hate Families? , Daggle. com, viewed 22 March 2013, ; http://daggle. com/amazon-apple-hate-families-2867;. Susamoo, J 2012, Services Marketing Basics, StudyMode. com, viewed 22 March 2013, ;http://www. studymode. com/essays/Services-Marketing-Basics-1051800. html;.Talebzade, S, 2009, The Customer Service Gap Model, University of Technology, Sydney, v iewed 22 March 2013, ; http://www. brainmates. com. au/brainrants/the-customer-service-gap-model;. 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Elizabethan London

Elizabethan London Free Online Research Papers To fully understand the works of Shakespeare, it is important to know about his life and the society he lived in. Authors’ writings often reflect the beliefs and living conditions of their time, Shakespeare included. Shakespeare was a man of the Elizabethan Age, a period that began in the mid to late 1500s and ended in the early 1600s. The Elizabethan Age in London, England and present day are both similar in some ways, while being different in others. In this essay, I will focus mostly on the arts during Shakespeare’s time, because that was the area he was most influential in. The Elizabethan age is considered one of the greatest periods for the growth of the arts. London was undoubtedly the center of this growth in England. Several public theatres were established in Shakespeare’s lifetime. Citizens had an incomparable taste for music. Instead of reading material being available at shops, waiting customers could entertain myself with lutes that were set out for that purpose. After dinners, instead of engaging in activities such as reading or playing cards, families would pass out songbooks and sing. Men who could not read music were considered poorly educated. Most of Shakespeare’s plays called for music, with only one, The Comedy of Errors, excluding it completely. Today, music is popular, but average people can enjoy it over the radio or through CDs and mp3 players. Singing is still a popular hobby, but many people today do not enjoy it as much or are as educated in it as people in Elizabethan times were. Drama first became popular being performed in various halls, inn yards, or even the streets. It eventually became so popular that a playhouse, â€Å"The Theatre†, was built in London’s suburbs, away from the mayor, who discouraged plays. Richard Burbage became one of the most famous actors of the age, and his father was the builder of The Theatre. Today, drama is still very popular, but in different ways. Movies and television shows are more common than live plays, and you can see your favorite actors and actresses in movie theaters and on TV. Even today, several of Shakespeare’s plays have been adapted into movies, more or less true to the text. These range from Much Ado About Nothing, to West Side Story, a musical adaptation of the play Romeo and Juliet, which is also popular on Broadway. No matter the differences between the Elizabethan age and today, Shakespeare’s works remain timeless. People everywhere still enjoy his writings, and he remains the most quoted author of his time. Research Papers on Elizabethan LondonWhere Wild and West MeetHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionHip-Hop is Art19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductStandardized Testing

Prevention and Control of Common Conifer Tree Diseases

Prevention and Control of Common Conifer Tree Diseases Like any kind of tree, the conifer is susceptible to a number of diseases that can damage or destroy it. Sometimes, these diseases strike trees in the forest; other times, only urban or suburban trees are stricken. Dead and dying trees are unsightly but theyre also a potential safety hazard. In populated areas, rot can cause limbs to drop or entire trees to collapse, especially during storms. In forested areas, dead trees can dry out, creating fuel for potential forest fires.  By learning how to recognize different conifer diseases, you can improve the health of trees on your property and preserve the integrity of the local ecosystem. Types of Conifer Disease Softwood or coniferous trees can be harmed or killed by disease-causing organisms called pathogens. The most common tree diseases are caused by fungi, though some diseases are caused by bacteria or viruses. Fungi lack chlorophyll and derive nourishment by feeding on (parasitizing) trees. Many fungi are microscopic but some are visible in the form of mushrooms or conks. Other factors affecting tree disease include climate and where the tree or trees are planted. Not all parts of a tree may be affected or exhibit symptoms. Disease may strike the needles, stem, trunk, roots, or some combination thereof. In some instances, trees can be saved by applying pesticides, trimming the diseased portions, or removing neighboring trees to provide more room. In other cases, the only solution is to remove the tree entirely. Needle Cast Needle cast is a group of tree diseases that cause conifers to shed needles. The symptoms of needle cast tree disease first appear on needles as light green to yellow spots, which eventually turn red or brown. Tiny black fruiting bodies form on the surface of the needles before or after the infected needles are shed. If left untreated, fungal growth can kill the entire needle. Treatment options include applying fungicides, removing diseased needles at first sign of infection, and trimming neighboring greenery to prevent overcrowding. Needle Blight This group of needle blight tree diseases, including Diplodia, Dothistroma and brown spot, attack conifers at the needles and on twig tips. Infected needles often fall from the tree, creating a denuded look. Blight can result in dramatic browning of the foliage, beginning on the lower branches. Repeated annual cycles of infection can result in dead limbs and eventual loss of any meaningful ornamental value. The most effective treatment option is  copper fungicide spray, but you may have to spray repeatedly in order to break the life cycle of the fungi that causes blight. Canker, Rust, and Blister The term canker is used to describe a dead or blistered area in the bark, branch, trunk of an infected tree. Dozens of species of fungi cause canker diseases.   Cankers often appear as waxy discharge on the bark. Blisters or galls appear on branches and look like cysts or tumors on the surface of the bark and may also occasionally produce a waxy or yellowish discharge. Often, lower branches will be the first to show symptoms. Treatment options include pruning affected areas and applying a fungicide. Wilts and Root Diseases These are wood-decay diseases. They may get in through wounds in the lower part of the tree or penetrate roots directly. They involve the roots and in some cases the butt also. These fungi travel from tree to tree either through the air or soil.   Symptoms include die-off of needles on entire branches or limbs, peeling bark, and dropped branches. As rot progresses, the underlying root structure decays, making the tree unstable.  Treatment options are few; in many cases, the entire tree must be removed. If you plan to treat a diseased tree yourself, remember to follow all product directions if using fungicide. Make sure you are properly equipped and wearing goggles, gloves, and other safety gear if you plan to remove part or all of a tree. When in doubt, call a professional tree service. Sources Murray, Madeline. Diseases of Conifers. Utah State University Extension. 3 February 2009.Pataky, Nancy. Common Conifer Diseases of Forests. The University of Illinois Extension. 2009.Wollaeger, Heidi. Preventing, Diagnosing, and Managing Diseases in Conifers. Michigan State University Extension. 5 December 2013.

Social Web Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social Web - Essay Example There are many ways in which the ICT is affecting the people and the society (Walter, 2001). People are witnessing the developments and innovation in different ICT fields like computers and internet, telecommunications and mobile telephone, mass media, travelling facilities and many more. ICT has very strong and direct impacts upon the human development and society. It not only serves the society as a whole but also tends to improve and develop the individual position of the people. There are several aspects of human and social lives that are facing the ICT effects. ICT developments are reshaping the cultural values of societies. ICT do lot of beneficial functions for the mental growth of humans. It facilitates the people to communicate in better ways, develop good understandings about different things and have deep knowledge and instant information about the events occurring in any part of the world (Kraut, 2006). The social networking sites over the last decade stand as new options provided by ICT that have facilitated the society by providing them interesting and attractive ways of interacting with the people. These sites have provided new and innovative ways of communication to the people having strong impacts upon their ways of interaction with the others. Overall, these sites support the human interaction regardless of space and time differences and make it easier for the people to remain in contact with the people they already know as well as to expand their social circle by finding out people of their interests on these networks. Social Networking Websites and Society The advent of advanced technology has paved the ways for certain new ways of social interaction. People of today’s technology driven world are provided with broad assortment of opportunities of social networking through internet (Wellman, 2007). The dotcom sphere is filled with several social networks striving hard for their survival and popularity among the internet punters. The ap plications like Face book, Twitter, Flickr and MySpace have evolved as popular online social networking means that have succeeded to attain the attention of the considerable portion of internet users through effective management and coherent leadership styles (Kazeniac, 2009). These networks are based on the ideas of providing people a platform to facilitate the process of online social networking however; the interface, interaction means and styles of these networks are notably different from each others. (Wellman, 2007) These applications provide the prospect of social interaction through numerous advanced options however; their approaches towards the attainment of this goal are entirely different that is clearly visible in their interfaces and styles of presenting information and options of maintaining social connections. These networks have picked up distinctive leadership style to lead the group of internet users looking for unique and advanced manners of communication and conn ections. Their distinctive leadership styles and strategies have worked towards maintaining difference in their popularity, effectiveness and stability within the industry. These social networking sites use to place wide range of options in front of the users and these networks are popular among different user groups like youngsters, business professionals, educationalists and households. The reasons behind the success and popularity of these networks include proficient and adequate management of the marketing and operational strategies,

Color and the Visible Spectrum and Rainbows & Blue Sky Research Paper

Color and the Visible Spectrum and Rainbows & Blue Sky - Research Paper Example Other colors that come in the same sequence includes green Blue, Indigo and lastly violet (The Physics of Color n.p.). Electromagnetic radiations having a wavelength that is more than seven hundred and fifty nanometers are referred to as infra-red. On the same note, these with less than three hundred and fifty are termed as ultra-violet. The colors in the spectrum have varying lightness, saturation, as well as darkness. In trying to understand the color spectrum, a color wheel can be used. It is a color spectrum that has been twisted around so as to have the violet and the red terminal joined. It is significant in helping to understand how the color relates and interact with each other. One can create new colors by mixing two existing ones. A rainbow is a meteorological-optical phenomenon formed by the refraction, reflection and dispersion of sunlight in the raindrops causing a spectrum of colors in the sky. The process of rainbow formation shares similarities with the spectrum obtained from the dispersion of light using a prism. The essay highlights the process of rainbow formation with reference to water droplets and sunlight. White light originating from the sun hits the water droplets at a particular angle. The angle is significant for the formation of the rainbow because it affects the direction that the light travels after striking the raindrops. When sunlight hits a water droplet in the air, some of the light-rays get reflected according to the law of reflection. The rest of the rays obey the law of refraction as they cross the air-to-water interface. The refraction occurs as the light slows down due to the density variation between the water droplets and the air; water has a higher density compared to the air. As such, the speed of sunlight reduces causing its path to bend towards the normal line (Lee and Alistair 254). White light is comprised of a spectrum of colors with varying wavelengths. As such, each