Arguments for and Against Business Ethics, - 11007 Words

SCHEME OF EXAMINATIONS FOR BBA (INDUSTRY INTEGRATED) PROGRAMME w.e.f. SESSION 2009-2010 (Under Public Private Parternership Scheme) FIRST YEAR 1st Semester Title of the Paper(s) Business Organization Business Communication Skills - Workshop Business Mathematics Computer Fundamentals and Applications Economic Policy and Analysis Financial Accounting Environment Management External Marks (Theory) 70 50 70 50 70 70 70 Internal Assessment Marks 30 50 30 30 30 30 Practical Marks 50 Total Marks 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Paper No. 101-II 102-II 103-II 104-II 105-II 106-II 107-II 2nd Semester Paper No. 201-II 202-II 203-II 204-II 205-II 206-II 207-II 208-II Title of the Paper(s) Macroeconomic Foundations Presentation Skills Workshop†¦show more content†¦Vasishth, Neeru, Business Organisation, Taxmann, New Delhi 2. Talloo, Thelma J., Business Organisational and Management, TMH, New Delhi NOTE: 1. The External Examiner will set 8 questions in the Question Paper selecting at least two questions from each unit. In case, a Case Study is included it will carry marks equivalent to two questions. 2. The candidates will be required to attempt five questions in all, selecting at least one question form each unit. External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Time: 3 hrs. BUSINESS COMMUNICAITON SKILLS – WORKSHOP Paper Code: 102-II UNIT-I Introduction: Basics of communication, seven Cs of effective communication, barriers to communication, ethical context of communication UNIT-II Business communication at workplace: Letter writing – component, layout and process, e-mail communication, bad news messages, persuasive written communication, memos, notice, agenda and minutes of meeting UNIT-III Report Writing: Types of business reports, structure of reports, short reports, long reports, abstracts and summaries, proposals UNIT-IV Communication skills: Reading skills, listening skills, note making, persuasive speaking, body language, gestures SUGGESTED READINGS: 1. Murphy, Herta A., Herbert W. Hildebrandt Jane P Thomas, Effective Business Communication, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi 2. Konera, Arun, Professional Communication, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi 3. McGrath, E.H., Basic Managerial Skills for All,Show MoreRelatedIs Business Bluffing Ethical?1141 Words   |  5 Pagesbecome part of busi ness. The topic of debate, however, is whether this dishonesty in business is ethical. According to Albert Carr in the article â€Å"Is Business Bluffing Ethical?†, bluffing is morally acceptable within the parameters of doing business. Carr argues that bluffing in business is closer to the strategic bluffing normally found in poker, than it is to bluffing in private life. (Carr paragraph 2) He uses a quote from Henry Taylor to describe bluffing in poker and business: â€Å"falsehood ceasesRead MoreArgument For Corporate Social Responsibility1082 Words   |  5 Pagesthat at that time, the emphasis is placed on business people’s social conscience, rather than on the company itself. Some argue that corporate entities do not have any social responsibility except the ones that were written in agreement with government while establishing corporate entities, whereas others justify that corporate entities do have social responsibility. The roots of critics of CSR are so old that it is a challenge to the neoclassical business model itself (Valor, 2005). According to SmithRead MoreArgument For Corporate Social Responsibility1082 Words   |  5 Pagesthat at that time, the emphasis is placed on business peopleâ₠¬â„¢s social conscience, rather than on the company itself. Some argue that corporate entities do not have any social responsibility except the ones that were written in agreement with government while establishing corporate entities, whereas others justify that corporate entities do have social responsibility. The roots of critics of CSR are so old that it is a challenge to the neoclassical business model itself (Valor, 2005). According to SmithRead MoreSweatshops : Positive Deviancy And Global Labour Practices And The Ethical And Economic Case Against Sweatshop Labor1675 Words   |  7 Pagesand The Ethical and Economic Case Against Sweatshop Labor: A Critical Assessment. The former was authored in July 2005 by Denis Arnold and Laura Hartman. The latter was written in September 2011 by Benjamin Powell and Matt Zwolinski. The authors of both works are undeniably qualified and are experts in their respective fields. The credibility of both Beyond Sweatshops: Positive Deviancy and Global Labour Practices and The Ethical and Economic Case Against Sweatshop Labor: A Critical AssessmentRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1195 Words   |  5 Pagesand its stakeholders. CSR is related, but not identical to, business ethics. CSR encompasses the economic, legal and ethical responsibilities of the organization and on the other side, business ethics usually force more on the moral judgments and behavior of individuals and groups of organizations. In 1960s and 1970s there were civil rights movements like consumerism and environmentalism, the affected society’s expectations of business. However a growing number of writers have recognized that theRead MoreApple And Corporate Social Responsibility1629 Words   |  7 Pagesworkers have committed suicide and many riots and fights have broken out. The main moral issue in this case study is whether Apple is responsible for the mis-treatment of Foxconn Employees. In this paper, I will use the moral theories of rights-based ethics, moral relativism, and moral universalism as well ethical views from well-known authors Jacobsen and Friedman to explore where Apple s moral responsibilities should lie. There is no doubt that the conditions at Foxconn are unfortunate, and oughtRead MoreThe Travel Expense Billing Controversy1411 Words   |  6 Pagescompany itself against its customers, its employees and all others who may are concerned from company. Also you have to distinguish between descriptive and normative ethics. â€Å"Descriptive ethics is concerned with describing, characterizing, and studying the morality of a people, an organization, a culture, or a society. [†¦] It focuses on â€Å"what is† the prevailing set of ethical standards in the business community, specific organizations, or on the part of specific mana gers. [†¦] Normative ethics is concernedRead MoreEthical Principles Of The Word Ethics1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy states that the word ethics is commonly used interchangeably with morality ... and sometimes it is used more narrowly to mean the moral principles of a particular tradition, group or individual (Deigh, 1995). Since we were kids and we began to realize what was around us, our parents and grandparents have taught us the basic knowledge of what is good and what is bad. It is indeed an inherent characteristic of all human being and grows from our desires toRead MoreIs Corporate Social Responsibility a Way to Cover Exorbitant Charges1268 Words   |  6 PagesContents 1. Introduction 2 2. Motivations behind CSR 2 2.1 Self-Interest 2 2.2 Ethics 2 3. Arguments for CSR 3 3.1 Innovation 3 3.2 Cost-Saving 3 3.3 Brand Differentiation 3 3.4 Long-Term Thinking 3 3.5 Customer Engagement and Employee Engagement 3 4. Arguments against CSR 3 4.1 Misdirections 4 4.2 Controversial Industries 4 5. Conclusion 4 6. References 4 Is Corporate Social Responsibility a way to cover exorbitant charges? 1. Introduction Various authors have different definitionsRead MoreBusiness Law and Ethics Case Study826 Words   |  4 Pageswould be purity. If Tom were to tell on Brenda, he would be hurting Brenda and Mary, but he would also be causing small increases in unknown happiness to the community (school leavers and their families, police, the community). Kantian ethics Under Kantian Ethics, Tom should be talking to Michael and explaining the situation to him, as he is focusing on his duty to do what is morally right, regardless of the consequences (QUT, 2011). Universal Acceptability is followed as telling Michael the truth

Arguments for and Against Business Ethics, - 11007 Words

SCHEME OF EXAMINATIONS FOR BBA (INDUSTRY INTEGRATED) PROGRAMME w.e.f. SESSION 2009-2010 (Under Public Private Parternership Scheme) FIRST YEAR 1st Semester Title of the Paper(s) Business Organization Business Communication Skills - Workshop Business Mathematics Computer Fundamentals and Applications Economic Policy and Analysis Financial Accounting Environment Management External Marks (Theory) 70 50 70 50 70 70 70 Internal Assessment Marks 30 50 30 30 30 30 Practical Marks 50 Total Marks 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Paper No. 101-II 102-II 103-II 104-II 105-II 106-II 107-II 2nd Semester Paper No. 201-II 202-II 203-II 204-II 205-II 206-II 207-II 208-II Title of the Paper(s) Macroeconomic Foundations Presentation Skills Workshop†¦show more content†¦Vasishth, Neeru, Business Organisation, Taxmann, New Delhi 2. Talloo, Thelma J., Business Organisational and Management, TMH, New Delhi NOTE: 1. The External Examiner will set 8 questions in the Question Paper selecting at least two questions from each unit. In case, a Case Study is included it will carry marks equivalent to two questions. 2. The candidates will be required to attempt five questions in all, selecting at least one question form each unit. External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Time: 3 hrs. BUSINESS COMMUNICAITON SKILLS – WORKSHOP Paper Code: 102-II UNIT-I Introduction: Basics of communication, seven Cs of effective communication, barriers to communication, ethical context of communication UNIT-II Business communication at workplace: Letter writing – component, layout and process, e-mail communication, bad news messages, persuasive written communication, memos, notice, agenda and minutes of meeting UNIT-III Report Writing: Types of business reports, structure of reports, short reports, long reports, abstracts and summaries, proposals UNIT-IV Communication skills: Reading skills, listening skills, note making, persuasive speaking, body language, gestures SUGGESTED READINGS: 1. Murphy, Herta A., Herbert W. Hildebrandt Jane P Thomas, Effective Business Communication, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi 2. Konera, Arun, Professional Communication, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi 3. McGrath, E.H., Basic Managerial Skills for All,Show MoreRelatedIs Business Bluffing Ethical?1141 Words   |  5 Pagesbecome part of busi ness. The topic of debate, however, is whether this dishonesty in business is ethical. According to Albert Carr in the article â€Å"Is Business Bluffing Ethical?†, bluffing is morally acceptable within the parameters of doing business. Carr argues that bluffing in business is closer to the strategic bluffing normally found in poker, than it is to bluffing in private life. (Carr paragraph 2) He uses a quote from Henry Taylor to describe bluffing in poker and business: â€Å"falsehood ceasesRead MoreArgument For Corporate Social Responsibility1082 Words   |  5 Pagesthat at that time, the emphasis is placed on business people’s social conscience, rather than on the company itself. Some argue that corporate entities do not have any social responsibility except the ones that were written in agreement with government while establishing corporate entities, whereas others justify that corporate entities do have social responsibility. The roots of critics of CSR are so old that it is a challenge to the neoclassical business model itself (Valor, 2005). According to SmithRead MoreArgument For Corporate Social Responsibility1082 Words   |  5 Pagesthat at that time, the emphasis is placed on business peopleâ₠¬â„¢s social conscience, rather than on the company itself. Some argue that corporate entities do not have any social responsibility except the ones that were written in agreement with government while establishing corporate entities, whereas others justify that corporate entities do have social responsibility. The roots of critics of CSR are so old that it is a challenge to the neoclassical business model itself (Valor, 2005). According to SmithRead MoreSweatshops : Positive Deviancy And Global Labour Practices And The Ethical And Economic Case Against Sweatshop Labor1675 Words   |  7 Pagesand The Ethical and Economic Case Against Sweatshop Labor: A Critical Assessment. The former was authored in July 2005 by Denis Arnold and Laura Hartman. The latter was written in September 2011 by Benjamin Powell and Matt Zwolinski. The authors of both works are undeniably qualified and are experts in their respective fields. The credibility of both Beyond Sweatshops: Positive Deviancy and Global Labour Practices and The Ethical and Economic Case Against Sweatshop Labor: A Critical AssessmentRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1195 Words   |  5 Pagesand its stakeholders. CSR is related, but not identical to, business ethics. CSR encompasses the economic, legal and ethical responsibilities of the organization and on the other side, business ethics usually force more on the moral judgments and behavior of individuals and groups of organizations. In 1960s and 1970s there were civil rights movements like consumerism and environmentalism, the affected society’s expectations of business. However a growing number of writers have recognized that theRead MoreApple And Corporate Social Responsibility1629 Words   |  7 Pagesworkers have committed suicide and many riots and fights have broken out. The main moral issue in this case study is whether Apple is responsible for the mis-treatment of Foxconn Employees. In this paper, I will use the moral theories of rights-based ethics, moral relativism, and moral universalism as well ethical views from well-known authors Jacobsen and Friedman to explore where Apple s moral responsibilities should lie. There is no doubt that the conditions at Foxconn are unfortunate, and oughtRead MoreThe Travel Expense Billing Controversy1411 Words   |  6 Pagescompany itself against its customers, its employees and all others who may are concerned from company. Also you have to distinguish between descriptive and normative ethics. â€Å"Descriptive ethics is concerned with describing, characterizing, and studying the morality of a people, an organization, a culture, or a society. [†¦] It focuses on â€Å"what is† the prevailing set of ethical standards in the business community, specific organizations, or on the part of specific mana gers. [†¦] Normative ethics is concernedRead MoreEthical Principles Of The Word Ethics1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy states that the word ethics is commonly used interchangeably with morality ... and sometimes it is used more narrowly to mean the moral principles of a particular tradition, group or individual (Deigh, 1995). Since we were kids and we began to realize what was around us, our parents and grandparents have taught us the basic knowledge of what is good and what is bad. It is indeed an inherent characteristic of all human being and grows from our desires toRead MoreIs Corporate Social Responsibility a Way to Cover Exorbitant Charges1268 Words   |  6 PagesContents 1. Introduction 2 2. Motivations behind CSR 2 2.1 Self-Interest 2 2.2 Ethics 2 3. Arguments for CSR 3 3.1 Innovation 3 3.2 Cost-Saving 3 3.3 Brand Differentiation 3 3.4 Long-Term Thinking 3 3.5 Customer Engagement and Employee Engagement 3 4. Arguments against CSR 3 4.1 Misdirections 4 4.2 Controversial Industries 4 5. Conclusion 4 6. References 4 Is Corporate Social Responsibility a way to cover exorbitant charges? 1. Introduction Various authors have different definitionsRead MoreBusiness Law and Ethics Case Study826 Words   |  4 Pageswould be purity. If Tom were to tell on Brenda, he would be hurting Brenda and Mary, but he would also be causing small increases in unknown happiness to the community (school leavers and their families, police, the community). Kantian ethics Under Kantian Ethics, Tom should be talking to Michael and explaining the situation to him, as he is focusing on his duty to do what is morally right, regardless of the consequences (QUT, 2011). Universal Acceptability is followed as telling Michael the truth

Arguments for and Against Business Ethics, - 11007 Words

SCHEME OF EXAMINATIONS FOR BBA (INDUSTRY INTEGRATED) PROGRAMME w.e.f. SESSION 2009-2010 (Under Public Private Parternership Scheme) FIRST YEAR 1st Semester Title of the Paper(s) Business Organization Business Communication Skills - Workshop Business Mathematics Computer Fundamentals and Applications Economic Policy and Analysis Financial Accounting Environment Management External Marks (Theory) 70 50 70 50 70 70 70 Internal Assessment Marks 30 50 30 30 30 30 Practical Marks 50 Total Marks 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Paper No. 101-II 102-II 103-II 104-II 105-II 106-II 107-II 2nd Semester Paper No. 201-II 202-II 203-II 204-II 205-II 206-II 207-II 208-II Title of the Paper(s) Macroeconomic Foundations Presentation Skills Workshop†¦show more content†¦Vasishth, Neeru, Business Organisation, Taxmann, New Delhi 2. Talloo, Thelma J., Business Organisational and Management, TMH, New Delhi NOTE: 1. The External Examiner will set 8 questions in the Question Paper selecting at least two questions from each unit. In case, a Case Study is included it will carry marks equivalent to two questions. 2. The candidates will be required to attempt five questions in all, selecting at least one question form each unit. External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Time: 3 hrs. BUSINESS COMMUNICAITON SKILLS – WORKSHOP Paper Code: 102-II UNIT-I Introduction: Basics of communication, seven Cs of effective communication, barriers to communication, ethical context of communication UNIT-II Business communication at workplace: Letter writing – component, layout and process, e-mail communication, bad news messages, persuasive written communication, memos, notice, agenda and minutes of meeting UNIT-III Report Writing: Types of business reports, structure of reports, short reports, long reports, abstracts and summaries, proposals UNIT-IV Communication skills: Reading skills, listening skills, note making, persuasive speaking, body language, gestures SUGGESTED READINGS: 1. Murphy, Herta A., Herbert W. Hildebrandt Jane P Thomas, Effective Business Communication, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi 2. Konera, Arun, Professional Communication, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi 3. McGrath, E.H., Basic Managerial Skills for All,Show MoreRelatedIs Business Bluffing Ethical?1141 Words   |  5 Pagesbecome part of busi ness. The topic of debate, however, is whether this dishonesty in business is ethical. According to Albert Carr in the article â€Å"Is Business Bluffing Ethical?†, bluffing is morally acceptable within the parameters of doing business. Carr argues that bluffing in business is closer to the strategic bluffing normally found in poker, than it is to bluffing in private life. (Carr paragraph 2) He uses a quote from Henry Taylor to describe bluffing in poker and business: â€Å"falsehood ceasesRead MoreArgument For Corporate Social Responsibility1082 Words   |  5 Pagesthat at that time, the emphasis is placed on business people’s social conscience, rather than on the company itself. Some argue that corporate entities do not have any social responsibility except the ones that were written in agreement with government while establishing corporate entities, whereas others justify that corporate entities do have social responsibility. The roots of critics of CSR are so old that it is a challenge to the neoclassical business model itself (Valor, 2005). According to SmithRead MoreArgument For Corporate Social Responsibility1082 Words   |  5 Pagesthat at that time, the emphasis is placed on business peopleâ₠¬â„¢s social conscience, rather than on the company itself. Some argue that corporate entities do not have any social responsibility except the ones that were written in agreement with government while establishing corporate entities, whereas others justify that corporate entities do have social responsibility. The roots of critics of CSR are so old that it is a challenge to the neoclassical business model itself (Valor, 2005). According to SmithRead MoreSweatshops : Positive Deviancy And Global Labour Practices And The Ethical And Economic Case Against Sweatshop Labor1675 Words   |  7 Pagesand The Ethical and Economic Case Against Sweatshop Labor: A Critical Assessment. The former was authored in July 2005 by Denis Arnold and Laura Hartman. The latter was written in September 2011 by Benjamin Powell and Matt Zwolinski. The authors of both works are undeniably qualified and are experts in their respective fields. The credibility of both Beyond Sweatshops: Positive Deviancy and Global Labour Practices and The Ethical and Economic Case Against Sweatshop Labor: A Critical AssessmentRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1195 Words   |  5 Pagesand its stakeholders. CSR is related, but not identical to, business ethics. CSR encompasses the economic, legal and ethical responsibilities of the organization and on the other side, business ethics usually force more on the moral judgments and behavior of individuals and groups of organizations. In 1960s and 1970s there were civil rights movements like consumerism and environmentalism, the affected society’s expectations of business. However a growing number of writers have recognized that theRead MoreApple And Corporate Social Responsibility1629 Words   |  7 Pagesworkers have committed suicide and many riots and fights have broken out. The main moral issue in this case study is whether Apple is responsible for the mis-treatment of Foxconn Employees. In this paper, I will use the moral theories of rights-based ethics, moral relativism, and moral universalism as well ethical views from well-known authors Jacobsen and Friedman to explore where Apple s moral responsibilities should lie. There is no doubt that the conditions at Foxconn are unfortunate, and oughtRead MoreThe Travel Expense Billing Controversy1411 Words   |  6 Pagescompany itself against its customers, its employees and all others who may are concerned from company. Also you have to distinguish between descriptive and normative ethics. â€Å"Descriptive ethics is concerned with describing, characterizing, and studying the morality of a people, an organization, a culture, or a society. [†¦] It focuses on â€Å"what is† the prevailing set of ethical standards in the business community, specific organizations, or on the part of specific mana gers. [†¦] Normative ethics is concernedRead MoreEthical Principles Of The Word Ethics1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy states that the word ethics is commonly used interchangeably with morality ... and sometimes it is used more narrowly to mean the moral principles of a particular tradition, group or individual (Deigh, 1995). Since we were kids and we began to realize what was around us, our parents and grandparents have taught us the basic knowledge of what is good and what is bad. It is indeed an inherent characteristic of all human being and grows from our desires toRead MoreIs Corporate Social Responsibility a Way to Cover Exorbitant Charges1268 Words   |  6 PagesContents 1. Introduction 2 2. Motivations behind CSR 2 2.1 Self-Interest 2 2.2 Ethics 2 3. Arguments for CSR 3 3.1 Innovation 3 3.2 Cost-Saving 3 3.3 Brand Differentiation 3 3.4 Long-Term Thinking 3 3.5 Customer Engagement and Employee Engagement 3 4. Arguments against CSR 3 4.1 Misdirections 4 4.2 Controversial Industries 4 5. Conclusion 4 6. References 4 Is Corporate Social Responsibility a way to cover exorbitant charges? 1. Introduction Various authors have different definitionsRead MoreBusiness Law and Ethics Case Study826 Words   |  4 Pageswould be purity. If Tom were to tell on Brenda, he would be hurting Brenda and Mary, but he would also be causing small increases in unknown happiness to the community (school leavers and their families, police, the community). Kantian ethics Under Kantian Ethics, Tom should be talking to Michael and explaining the situation to him, as he is focusing on his duty to do what is morally right, regardless of the consequences (QUT, 2011). Universal Acceptability is followed as telling Michael the truth

The Advantages of Dissertations

The Advantages of Dissertations So, you're preparing to compose a Ph.D. dissertation in an experimental region of Computer Science. Indiana University provides a number of resources to help in the conclusion of your thesis or dissertation requirements. Handbook in the conclusion of their dissertation. Other procedures of submission are readily available. If your submission demands any changes you will get an email explaining the changes that have to be made and you need to resubmit your thesis or dissertation through exactly the same link above. Needless to say, Consilience University won't suit everyone, but nevertheless, it will suit many students that are now unserved. Many students have so many different things which have to be done and could really gain from a dissertation writer or assistance. Graduate students at Consilience University will have the identical goal as graduate students at other universities, to create new understanding, but they'll be encouraged to do it in a totally different way. The primary difference between a thesis and a dissertation is when they're completed. It may be required for the degree of Master of Music, depending on the field. A dissertation is your chance in a doctorate program to contribute new expertise, theories or practices to your area. A doctoral dissertation also includes the additional requirement of a defense. Research paper is a kind of essay that is written in your style. Furthermore, the operation of the MLA editor will certainly better if he's well-versed in the matter. When you are in need of a dissertation or thesis, select the most trusted, custom-writing service in the business to aid you. Dissertations - Is it a Scam? Another proof way is stochastic, employing some sort of statistical strategies and measurements to demonstrate that something is true in the anticipated instances. These characteristics are involving big help as soon as you find yourself managing your existing files as a piece of your PC. Please reference the appropriateDegree Completion Timelinefor additional information and items necessary to finish a degree. The book contains quite a few charts, forms, and checklists to assist you on the way. Designing the website You don't have to be an authority in HTML to design a website. Each page delivers detailed instructions and examples on formatting sections of the last document. Not everybody that has a website will prove to be helpful in assignments. Effective time management can be an additional way to alleviate a number of the external stresses of graduate school. Computers and networks don't have knees, so inadequate performance can't bring them to something they don't have. Chapter V. Additional outcomes. Small group conversations are more powerful than auditorium seating. So, if it's the student likes or not, he's got no other choice except to make all efforts he can if he's intent on getting that dream job. The two are really quite different in their purpose, too. The Tried and True Method for Dissertations in Step by Step Detail Proofreading isn't a job which suits everyone and you need a particular aptitude and abilities prior to starting. So, it's all the more critical that you should receive expert help so you may prepare a lovely assignment. The book provides great insight into an extremely common issue. After choosing the topic, decide which source you're going to use the most. You research a topic, then analyze and comment upon the info you gleaned and the way that it relates to the specific subject matter available. Naturally, there are drawbacks to using the totally free options above but this strategy is sufficient to get you started.

“Same-Sex Marriage Should Not Be Legalized” free essay sample

The government shouldn’t legalize the same-sex marriage because the legal definition of marriage is the civil union between a man and a woman, marriage is a religious rite, and also those couples will be able to adopt children if they are given the right to marry. Same-sex marriage is also known as gay marriage. Same-sex marriage is between two people of the same gender. The Netherlands became the first country to legalize same-sex marriage in 2001; in the United States of America, the first state to legalize same-sex marriage was Massachusetts, on May 17, 2004. According to ProCon. rg (2011), as of May 10, 2012, same-sex marriage has been legalized in eight states such as: Massachusetts, Connecticut, Lowa, Vermont, New Hampshire, New York, Washington, Maryland, and the District of Columbia which will be effective on January 1, 2013. This has become an even more controversial topic since these current legalizations of same-sex marriage. One argument against same-sex marriage i s that the legal definition of marriage is the civil union between a man and a woman. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Same-Sex Marriage Should Not Be Legalized† or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"The institution of marriage has traditionally been defined as between a man and a woman† (ProCon. rg, 2011, Con Gay Marriage,  ¶1). Further, if any government gives the right to marry same-sex couples this traditional institution of marriage will weaken. â€Å"Marriage runs contrary to two of the primary goals of the lesbian and gay movement: the affirmation of gay identity and culture and the validation of many forms of relationships† (ProCon. org, 2011, Con Gay Marriage,  ¶8). Therefore, same-sex marriage is totally the opposite of the traditional institution of marriage; those are two things that cannot have the same rights, and actually God made us to be heterosexual no homosexual. In addition, marriage is a religious rite. â€Å"Gay marriage is not compatible with the beliefs, sacred texts, and traditions of many religious groups† (ProCon. org, 2011, Con Gay Marriage,  ¶4). In fact, we know that most of the religions are opposing same-sex marriage, because they are always guided by the Bible and God’s commandments and his teachings. â€Å"Marriage was established by the Creator with its own nature, essential properties and purpose. No ideology can erase from the human spirit the certainty that marriage exists solely between a man and a woman† (ProCon. org, 2011, Con Gay Marriage,  ¶12). If same-sex is legalized, churches and other religious institutions would be forced to change their rules in order to marry same-sex marriage couples. Furthermore, one of the biggest problems for society and probably the most important for new generations is that same-sex marriage would be that those couples will be able to adopt children if they are given the right to marry. â€Å"The institution of marriage as a union of man and woman, uniquely involving the procreation and rearing of children within a family, is as old as the book of Genesis† (ProCon. org, 2011, Con Gay Marriage,  ¶1). Children need both a mother and a father, because they learn a lot from each of them. â€Å"Girls who are raised apart from their fathers are reportedly at higher risk for early sexual activity and teenage pregnancy. Children without a mother are deprived of the emotional security and unique advice that mothers provide† (ProCon. org, 2011, Con Gay Marriage,  ¶6). Besides, same-sex marriage will intensify to the assimilation of homosexuals into a heterosexual culture. And probably that one of the facts that can affects the society the most, because if that happened our moral and religious values would be lost. The supporters and people who are for the same-sex marriage argue that they should have the right to civil marriage because of same marriage benefits, such as: health insurance and public acceptance which heterosexual couples have. Nevertheless, that argument of the supporters is irrelevant, because each person can have his or her own health insurance that provides their workplace, so they don’t need a family or spouse health insurance to have the same benefits as traditional marriage. On other hand, if the government were to legalize same-sex marriage the public acceptance is not guaranteed. Because people are that decided in what they are going to believe, maybe some people will accept this and a larger group of people disagrees. Therefore, the government don’t have to legalized the same-sex marriage in order to people accept homosexual family or marriage or to receive health insurance. Hence, no government should legalize same-sex marriage for all the facts that this action may involve, for example, those couples will be able to adopt children and also because of moral and religious values. Accordingly about what we have read, the legalization of same-sex marriage is an unmoral and unreligious action. I think that promoting homosexuality with government-backed same-sex marriage it would hurt our children, the generations that are growing, the country, and also the entire world. If a homosexual man or woman wants to get married, the only thing they need to do is choose not to be homosexual and marry someone of the opposite sex. Reference Pro. Con. org. (2011, January 9). Should gay marriage be legal?. Gay Marriage. Retrieved from http://www. gaymariage. procon. org

Response to Aviation Accidents

Introduction Accidents are common occurrences in the aviation industry. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) are responsible for investigating aviation accidents and giving safety recommendations. In addition, they develop rules, policies, and laws to alleviate reduce accidents (Federal Aviation Administration, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Response to Aviation Accidents specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The two bodies work together through exchange of information and research findings. The NTSB was founded in 1967 and is responsible for investigating and resolving cases linked to accidents involving various modes of transport (Elliot, 2013). To maintain the board’s autonomy, any information, data, or statistics collected cannot be used as evidence in a court of law. On the other hand, the FAA was founded after enactment of the Federal Aviati on Act of 1958. It oversees operations and activities related to civil aviation. Some of its core roles include issuing and revoking pilot licenses, developing civil aeronautics, regulating aviation standards, and regulating the aviation industry in order to maintain and promote safety (Elliot, 2013). In case of an accident, the two bodies work together to find the cause and offer recommendations. Interaction during investigations The main division of the NTSB involved in accidents investigations is the â€Å"Go Team.† The team’s main role is to commence investigations shortly after an accident has taken place. Team members offer their expertise at the scene of accident in efforts to ascertain the cause. The team comprises several professionals from the Board’s headquarters in Washington who are usually specialists in different fields. Within the FAA, the Office of Accident Investigation and Prevention is involved in accident investigation (Federal Aviation Admi nistration 2011). The office identifies transportation hazards and risks, and consequently develops safety measures aimed at improving safety. The two agencies interact during an accident investigation by carrying out their respective roles. The NTBS main role is to enhance transport safety. It is responsible for investigating aviation, marine, pipelines, and railways accidents (Federal Aviation Administration, 2011). On the other hand, the FAA enacts policies and regulations that govern the transport industry. Therefore, the NTBS cannot make any rules or establish new policies to govern the transport sector. However, it can give recommendations o the FAA regarding necessary policies and procedures that can be enacted to improve safety.  During an investigation, the NTBS plays a major role. It investigates the matter thoroughly and determines cause of the accident.Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OF F Learn More The FAA is also involved. It sends a representative to the scene of accident to aid in determination of the cause. The role of the representative is to establish whether any rules and regulations were violated, which could have led to the accident. The FAA does not give a final ruling on the matter. The NTSB collects necessary data and information from the scene while the FAA determines whether rules and regulations were violated (Federal Aviation Administration 2011). Together, the two bodies work to determine how and why the accident occurred. Their interaction and cooperation are augmented by their common goal of improving transport safety. During an accident, the FAA helps the NTBS conduct investigation. In addition, it conducts its own investigation to ensure that safety is given priority. FAA investigation of an accident The FAA investigation of an aviation accident involves many aspects. For example, it includes a review of whether the air carrier involv ed in the accident complied with FAA’s rules and regulations, reviews whether the aircraft had necessary maintenance guidelines and manuals, and reviews all the company’s safety guidelines and procedures (Federal Aviation Administration 2013). Other things involved in an investigation include review of pilot’s expertise and medical history, maintenance logbooks, adherence to flight times, and a review of the status of airport structures and amenities. The FAA collects any information that could aid in identifying cause of the accident (Aircraft Owners and Pilot Association 2013). Any information relevant to the investigation is shared with the NTBS investigation committee. After an accident has been reported, the local Flights Standards District Office commences gathering information and data on the possible cause of the accident. The Operations Office within the FAA notifies the NTBS’ headquarters and the responsible local office (Federal Aviation Admini stration 2013). During an investigation, the Operations Center provides teleconferencing and other communication services to help both the FAA and the NTBS teams. Interaction starts before commencement of investigations. The FAA arranges for transportation of NTBS members to the scene of accident. During investigation, the FAA provides additional services to members. These services include medical aid and financial funding. In addition, it provides miscellaneous services such as component testing and research (Federal Aviation Administration, 2013). The NTBS organizes and manages investigation teams and ensures that all necessary tests are carried out.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Response to Aviation Accidents specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Before termination of an investigation, every investigation member must agree to the validity and viability of information collected. During an investigation, the FAA r eviews the recommendations and analyses of the NTBS in relation to aviation guidelines and policies. Investigation by the NTBS Immediately after an aviation accident occurs, the NTBS sends a â€Å"go-team† to the scene of accident within two to three hours (National Transport Safety Board 2009). Prior to the release of the team, the Board sends a representative from the regional or local office to the accident scene. The IIC, an investigation division of the NTBS organizes and manages the investigation team at the scene (National Transport Safety Board 2009). It coordinates and oversees all investigation activities. The representative from the regional office commences investigation before arrival of the go-team. The IIC has several roles in an investigation. First, it ensures that evidence that could lead to identification of the accident cause is secure (Federal Aviation Administration 2013). Second, it identifies any hazardous materials that could be harmful to investigato rs. Third, it manages the crash site. Upon arrival at the scene, NTBS investigation members make a tour of the scene and get a briefing from the officer in charge (National Transport Safety Board 2009). Go-team members form teams to commence investigations. Specialists in areas such as air traffic control, operations, aviation systems, and aircraft performance lead the teams. An aircraft performance specialist carries out most of the investigation by assessing the aircraft’s systems and components for faults (National Transport Safety Board 2009). Another specialist conducts interviews and reviews the aircraft’s records. Tests to determine aircraft defects After an accident, the FAA and NTSB utilize several tests to determine if factors such as structural failure and fire were possible causes of the accident. Some of the methods used to detect defects in aircraft include liquid penetrant, ultrasonic, infrared thermography, sonic, Eddy current, and magnetic particle met hods (Khan 2009). Aircraft structures are easily destroyed by fires and lightning. Therefore, non-destructive testing (NDT) methods are used to establish possible causes of damage on aircraft components. Degree of damage depends on type of structure and material used to make the aircraft. The team also gathers additional information and data that assist in determination of the cause of the accident. It collects ATC radar data, weather data from the National Weather Service, transcripts of radio transmissions, and pilot’s medical history (Aircraft Owners and Pilot Association 2013).Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Eddy current and ultrasonic inspection methods are used to detect tiny cracks in the structure of an aircraft (Khan 2009). In addition, the method is used to measure degree of metal thinning that is caused by corrosion. In extreme cases, X-ray techniques are used to detect defects inside the structure of the aircraft’s components that cannot be detected using other methods (Khan 2009). Liquid penetrant method is used to detect surface defects in the structure of the aircraft. Magnetic particle method is used to detect defects on any ferromagnetic material used in construction of components such as gearboxes, pumps, and shafts. Resonance methods are used to detect weaknesses in bonds between composite structures (Khan, 2009). Report preparation After on-scene investigation, the investigation teams commence a period of report writing that includes combining all their findings (National Transport Safety Board 2004). In addition, the period involves further research that includes gathering of facts and collection of data. Information is collected from public hearings, after which it is analyzed and included in the final report. After presentation of the report, the NTBS establishes follow-up events that go on for a period of over six months to ensure proper implementation of safety recommendations.  The report-writing process begins with a meeting that involves members of the NTBS safety board. They deliberate of activities such as tests and interviews with survivors (National Transport Safety Board 2004). In addition, the team agrees on a date for presentation of the final report. Members that do not belong to NTBS such as FAA members contribute by reviewing, commenting, and offering suggestions on the report draft. If deemed necessary, a public hearing is included in the report-writing process. Public hearing is necessary for accidents that involve massive loss of lives. Participants during a public hearing include survivors, FAA regulators, air traffic controllers, aircraft manufacturers, and fire and rescue professionals (National Transport Safety Board 2004).  The FAA serves a critical role during the report-writing process. It reviews the analytical process and ensures that all regulations relating to aviation safety standards are adhered to (National Transport Safety Board 2004). Its role in the process is minimal. The IIC integrates factual reports from various parties into a final report. In addition, it makes conclusions and recommendations. The report is then given to several agencies that deal with aviation safety such as Office of Research and Engineering (ORE), the Office of Safety Recommendations, and the general counsel. Safety recommendations Recommendations are the most important aspect of an aviation accident investigation. The safety Board is given the responsibility to give recommendations that could improve safety of the aviation industry. The board addresses safety deficiencies and issues recommendations bas ed on findings of the investigation (National Transport Safety Board 2010). The report helps improve safety through implementation of recommendations from the investigation team. The FAA and NTBS give recommendations on how aviation safety could be improved. The NTBS establishes follow-up activities to ensure that recommendations are implemented (National Transport Safety Board, 2010). Conclusion The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) are responsible for investigating aviation accidents. In addition, they develop rules, policies, and laws to alleviate the problem of aviation accidents that have been on the increase in recent past. In an aviation accident investigation, the FAA and NTSB work together in efforts to find the cause. Each of the agencies plays a different role. For example, the NTSB collects data and information related to the accident and analyzes it. On the other hand, the FAA reviews findings of the NTSB and finds out whether any aviation rules and regulations were violated, which could have been a cause of the accident. During an investigation, the NTSB and FAA conduct several tests to detect defects in the structure of the aircraft. Tests are meant to determine whether factors such as fires and lightning were causes of the accident. These tests include destructive and non-destructive tests. Methods used for non-destructive tests include liquid penetrant, ultrasonic, infrared thermography, sonic, Eddy current, and magnetic particle methods. References Aircraft Owners and Pilot Association: Accident Analysis. (2013). Retrieved from  http://www.aopa.org/Pilot-Resources/Safety-and-Technique/Accident-Analysis.aspx Elliot, P. (2013). NTBS an FAA investigate Air Show Crash. Retrieved from  http://www.wdtn.com/dpp/news/local/montgomery/ntsb-and-faa-investigate-air-show-crash#.Ud0ycJDu2t8 Federal Aviation Administration: Lessons Learned from Transport Airplane Accidents.  (2011). Retrieved fr om http://lessonslearned.faa.gov/ Federal Aviation Administration: Accidents and Incidents Data. (2013). Retrieved from  http://www.faa.gov/data_research/accident_incident/ Khan, A. Non-Destructive Testing Applications in Commercial Aircraft Maintenance.  (2009). Retrieved from http://www.ndt.net/article/ecndt98/aero/031/031.htm National Transport Safety Board: The investigative Process at NTSB. (2009). Retrieved  from http://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/process.html. National Transport Safety Board: Aircraft Accident Report. (2004). Retrieved from  http://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/fulltext/AAB0603.html National Transport Safety Board: Safety Recommendation History. (2010). Retrieved  from http://www.ntsb.gov/SafetyRecs/Private/history.aspx?rec=A-10-030addressee=FAA This essay on Response to Aviation Accidents was written and submitted by user Marc Shelton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.